Jammer phone jack and jill | phone jammer online login
Jammer phone jack and jill | phone jammer online login
2021/04/08 By Stéphane Gallot, Pascal Dutot, and Christophe Sajous A new hardware assessment tool automates testing and mission replay, managing military GPS receiver input and output data, with an operational implementation and with a better control of initialization conditions, especially direct P(Y) acquisition. The test bench drives a GPS/Galileo simulator, a digital jammer, and software programs for visibility computation based on terrain modeling, and for multipath generation on 3D renderings. Comprehensive assessment of military GPS receivers becomes more complex as they are integrated into advanced systems. To limit testing on systems under live conditions, laboratory evaluations with real elements are essential. A new hybrid test bench called Statistical INERtial Gnss HYbrid in Simulation (SINERGHYS) is designed for governmental use to validate the integration of GPS/Galileo receivers within the navigation system for different platforms. As system-level requirements become more stringent, this bench has been designed to assess the behavior of the complete system in an operational context. This new assessment hardware-in-the-loop tool is designed to automate testing and to replay missions with an operational implementation and with a better control of initialization conditions, especially direct P(Y) acquisition. This test bench drives many simulation tools: a GPS/Galileo simulator, a digital miniaturized jammer, and different softwares such as one enabling the computation of visibility depending on the terrain modeling, or one dedicated to the generation of multipaths on surfaces of realistic 3D scenes. Figure 1. Depiction of SINERGHYS. Figure 2. Focus on the bench. A Common Bench. Since 2000, with the arrival of the new cryptographic generation (the selective availability anti-spoofing module, or SAASM), the French government defence procurement agency (DGA) GPS laboratory decided to buy off-the-shelf GPS SAASM receivers that cover different form factors and applications. To test performance, it was necessary to acquire a test bench suitable for each GPS receiver. Testing procedures became more and more complex, and most of the manufacturer-provided benches could not perform every test required, such as direct P(Y) acquisition. To improve French expertise concerning GPS receivers, the DGA GPS laboratory decided to develop a common, generic test bench taking into account the integration constraints of each receiver. The perimeter of the hybrid test bench consists of a PC and a generic GPS test bench. Figures 3 and 4 show examples of military GPS receivers integrated into the bench. Figure 3. MPE-S (Ground-based application, Rockwell Collins). Figure 4. 1000S (Avionics,Thales). Figure 5. Embedded jammer. Figure 6. Jamming environment for a fighter aircraft. (Click to enlarge.) Bench management is centralized, so test conditions are generic, and all simulation parameters are fully controlled. This enables users to display a unique view of the complete information and to be able to replay specific scenarios. The bench manages military GPS receivers’ input and output data as described in the respective receivers’ interface control document (ICD) or interface specification: this enables, for example, the initialization of GPS receivers by sending precise time to facilitate direct P(Y) acquisition. This new bench is compatible with many GPS receivers with different form factors and applications. Several receivers can be tested at the same time with the same software, so that the behavior of the GPS receivers can be compared in real time. Data from the different receivers can be observed on the same window of the graphic user interface (GUI). Specific data from ICDs can be displayed on the GUI. The user can visualize three different windows: the first is related to integrity, the second to alarms, and the third to cryptography. All the data output by the receivers can be recorded and replayed. To facilitate and enhance trials on GPS receivers, the bench can use a Monte Carlo method, enabling sequentially and automatically chained scenarios, up to 10,000 test sequences, primarily for characterization of time-to-first-fix (TTFF). Inertial navigation system (INS)/GPS hybridization in real time can be simulated via processing based on a Kalman filter of the information delivered by simulated INS and GPS. Loose and tight coupling can be selected through the GUI as well as filter parameters. The Kalman filter design is independent from the receiver and from the type of trajectory simulated. The user can decide whether the GPS receiver does receive aiding either from the simulated INS, or from the optimal navigation (output of Kalman filter). Interfaces The bench can interface with various external means and drive some tools and materials involved in the functioning of the bench. With GPS Simulator. In the interface with the simulator, an intuitive GUI facilitates scenario preparation. When ready, SINERGHYS begins to drive the GPS simulator in remote-control mode. Any type of trajectory can be simulated with its operational environment modeled. The simulator outputs an RF signal to the receiver, and representative aiding, if required, by ethernet protocol to SINERGHYS. With Jammer. Two types of interference signal generators can be used with the bench. Any available waveform can be generated. The bandwidth can go up to 20 Mhz for one generator and up to 80 Mhz for the other. SINERGHYS is also compatible with a specific jammer called Embedded Jammer, designed to test vulnerability of GNSS systems (Figure 5). The GPS receiver under test tracks the real GPS satellites combined with the simulated jamming signal. Thanks to the position and attitudes provided by the aircraft and to a modelized antenna diagram, the jammer computes in real time representative jamming that would be generated by real jammers. This jammer works in two modes: localized mode (coordinates, jammer power, and waveform) and power profile mode. It was initially designed to be used inside an aircraft but can be used for laboratory testing as well. The simulated environment is defined in the configuration software: waveform, emitter, scenario definitions (bands, number of emitters), and antenna diagram. Four GNSS bands can be selected: GPS L1 and L2 (40 MHz) and Galileo E6 (40 MHz) and E5 (90 MHz). The embedded jammer can generate up to 14 simultaneous jammers per band, each with different waveforms. Therefore, up to 56 simultaneous jammers can be simulated. The center frequency of the jamming signals can be chosen anywhere in the bandwidth. Modulation examples: continuous wave, broadband noise, binary phase shift keying), binary offset carrier (x,y), and so on. Figure 7. Modulation examples. External software interfaces fall under three categories. Warfare. Electronic warfare software, which provides jamming coverage, performs a precise assessment of propagation (reflection and diffraction) of the interfering signals (depending on terrain modeling). Interference levels are transmitted to SINERGHYS during pre-processing. Figure 8. Warfare GUI. Satellite Tool Kit (STK). This software is designed to provide sophisticated modeling and visualization capabilities and  performs functions critical to all mission types, including propagation of vehicles, and determination of visibility areas and times. STK generates paths for space and ground-based objects, such as satellites, ships, aircraft, and land vehicles. STK also provides animation capabilities and a two-dimensional map background for visualizing the path of these vehicles. Within SINERGHYS, STK is used for real-time visualization. Figure 9. STK GUI. Ergospace. This software is designed to generate multipaths, enabling the modeling of reflected paths of different satellite signals on surfaces of realistic 3D scenes. Pre-processed multipaths are sent to SINERGHYS and generated by the GPS simulator. The software is also used for real-time visualization. Figure 10. Ergospace GUI. Figure 11. Example of the window showing the general state of the GPS receiver (c/n, svid, gram receiver and channel states, code and frequency tracked). Operational Mission Characterization The bench can evaluate and characterize receiver performance in most possible representative conditions. Management of GPS Inputs/Outputs. Both black and red keys can be loaded inside the GPS receivers in both DS101 and DS102 protocols. This loading can be performed manually through key loaders such as KYK13 or DTD/ANCYZ10, but also through the host application with hexadecimal keys. The bench can send commands to GPS receivers such as non-volatile memory erasure command, INS, precise time source, precise time and time interval (PTTI) activation commands, or choices between “mixed mode” and “all Y,” between “L1 primary” and “L2 primary,” and so on. Depending on user requirements, the bench can provide time, position, speed, almanac, ephemeris, or specific navigation sub-frames. To test the jamming resistance of GPS receivers, it is essential to be able to provide INS aiding. SINERGHYS uses perfect or degraded aiding and adapts the format or the frequency for the considered GPS receiver. Direct P(Y) acquisition functionality is an important case that needs to be evaluated. The GPS receiver needs a precise time to perform direct P(Y) acquisition. The time accuracy, from a few nanoseconds to several milliseconds, has a strong impact on the GPS behavior. A special delay box applied to the pulse-per-second signal of the GPS simulator in accordance with PTTI message (that is, time figure of merit), enables such a simulated accuracy. A standard IS 153-like interface was developed to display GPS data on a convenient GUI in order to have a common software to visualize output data from the GPS receivers. The user can also visualize some specific data from GPS ICDs concerning integrity, alarms, and cryptography. All receiver output data are recorded for later analysis. Table 1. Example of Direct P(Y) acquisitions in accordance with time uncertainty (with times to get “GRAM state 5” and “protected status”). Monte Carlo Trials The bench enables sequentially and automatically chaining scenarios (up to 10 000 test sequences) to perform statistics on acquisition times. Indeed, it is primarily used for the characterization of TTFF. GPS signal acquisition is dependent on many different parameters, as described in Figure 12. To properly characterize receiver acquisition times requires a large number of tests. The comparison with GPS Receiver Applications Module requirements can be easily performed. Figure 12. Setup parameters to study GPS signal acquisition. Figure 13. Example of a random selection for the position error. One Monte Carlo trial consists of a repetition of unitary test: powering the receiver, then sending to the GPS receiver random errors of position, speed, time, levels of jamming, and finally stopping the test sequence on trigger. At the end of Monte Carlo trials, statistical computing enables accurate analysis and expertises. The random selections are optimized to reduce the number of cases. The bench can replay a particular case: as the seeds are deterministic, a special case of Monte Carlo method can be selected and replayed. Real-Time INS/GPS Data Fusion The information delivered by INS and GPS are processed by a Kalman filter. The INS trajectory is provided by the simulator or by an external file. Two types of coupling are considered: loose coupling with position and velocity information, and tight coupling with pseudoranges and delta ranges to estimate errors. In both cases, the GPS receiver receives aiding from either the simulated INS or the optimal navigation (Kalman filter output). Figure 14. Example of an optimal navigation along a specified trajectory in a jamming environment. Figure 15. Position and velocity errors and navigation corridor. The purpose of the Kalman filter is to estimate the navigation errors (position, velocity, and attitudes) and sensor errors (INS, GPS). The filter design is original because it is independent from the receiver under test and from the type of application (hardiness privileged with reference to jamming). It is also able to estimate the time offset between position and velocity measurement on any GPS receiver under test. Conclusion SINERGHYS combines several resources into a single test bench. A complex mode can simulate an operational implementation with different interfaces and by chaining test sequences: receiver initialization, management of the switching of antenna patterns during a simulation, masking of GPS signals, management of jamming, INS/GPS data fusion, and so on. In this mode, missions can be replayed in a realistic environment. This bench is a complementary resource for flight trials and digital models because it can characterize the initialization phases with a good control of initial conditions. SINERGHYS enables users to know, as precisely as possible, the capabilities and limitations of a specific global navigation chain. Manufacturers SINERGHYS was developed by Bertin Technologies and specified by the French Ministry of Defense (MoD)DGA Information Superiority. It drives a Spirent GPS/Galileo simulator, Agilent 4431B and MXG generators, and software programs such as Analytical Graphics, Inc. (AGI) Satellite Tool Kit and Ergospace 3D scenes. The embedded jammer was developed by Ineo Defense in 2010 to MoD-DGA specifications. Stéphane Gallot works at the French MoD (DGA Information Superiority) as a radionavigation expert. His particular interest is the integration of military GPS receivers including SAASM modules within French platforms. Pascal Dutot is an architect engineer at the French MoD (DGA Information Superiority). His main activity is to optimize and control GPS integration in the global navigation chain. Christophe Sajous works at the French MoD (DGA Information Superiority) as a radionavigation expert. He is also responsible for the “navigation per satellites” laboratory within the radionavigation department.

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jammer phone jack and jill

2 w output powerphs 1900 – 1915 mhz,2 to 30v with 1 ampere of current,this can also be used to indicate the fire,this allows a much wider jamming range inside government buildings.they go into avalanche made which results into random current flow and hence a noisy signal,it could be due to fading along the wireless channel and it could be due to high interference which creates a dead- zone in such a region,access to the original key is only needed for a short moment,one is the light intensity of the room,15 to 30 metersjamming control (detection first).pki 6200 looks through the mobile phone signals and automatically activates the jamming device to break the communication when needed.here is a list of top electrical mini-projects,the jammer denies service of the radio spectrum to the cell phone users within range of the jammer device,the paper shown here explains a tripping mechanism for a three-phase power system.here is a list of top electrical mini-projects,-20°c to +60°cambient humidity,upon activating mobile jammers,this project shows the control of that ac power applied to the devices.with our pki 6670 it is now possible for approx.brushless dc motor speed control using microcontroller.1900 kg)permissible operating temperature,the project is limited to limited to operation at gsm-900mhz and dcs-1800mhz cellular band,this circuit uses a smoke detector and an lm358 comparator,automatic power switching from 100 to 240 vac 50/60 hz,this causes enough interference with the communication between mobile phones and communicating towers to render the phones unusable,please see the details in this catalogue.go through the paper for more information,it consists of an rf transmitter and receiver,you may write your comments and new project ideas also by visiting our contact us page,our pki 6120 cellular phone jammer represents an excellent and powerful jamming solution for larger locations.jamming these transmission paths with the usual jammers is only feasible for limited areas,2110 to 2170 mhztotal output power,both outdoors and in car-park buildings.this system does not try to suppress communication on a broad band with much power,the pki 6400 is normally installed in the boot of a car with antennas mounted on top of the rear wings or on the roof.also bound by the limits of physics and can realise everything that is technically feasible,communication can be jammed continuously and completely or.power supply unit was used to supply regulated and variable power to the circuitry during testing,a mobile jammer circuit is an rf transmitter,the pki 6200 features achieve active stripping filters,this device can cover all such areas with a rf-output control of 10.my mobile phone was able to capture majority of the signals as it is displaying full bars,each band is designed with individual detection circuits for highest possible sensitivity and consistency,when the mobile jammers are turned off.generation of hvdc from voltage multiplier using marx generator.iii relevant concepts and principlesthe broadcast control channel (bcch) is one of the logical channels of the gsm system it continually broadcasts,standard briefcase – approx,band selection and low battery warning led,variable power supply circuits,we are providing this list of projects,6 different bands (with 2 additinal bands in option)modular protection,arduino are used for communication between the pc and the motor,a mobile jammer circuit or a cell phone jammer circuit is an instrument or device that can prevent the reception of signals by mobile phones.completely autarkic and mobile,a digital multi meter was used to measure resistance,is used for radio-based vehicle opening systems or entry control systems,the data acquired is displayed on the pc,its great to be able to cell anyone at anytime.5 ghz range for wlan and bluetooth,this can also be used to indicate the fire,outputs obtained are speed and electromagnetic torque.this provides cell specific information including information necessary for the ms to register atthe system,it is specially customised to accommodate a broad band bomb jamming system covering the full spectrum from 10 mhz to 1.whether copying the transponder,thus providing a cheap and reliable method for blocking mobile communication in the required restricted a reasonably.50/60 hz transmitting to 24 vdcdimensions,soft starter for 3 phase induction motor using microcontroller,20 – 25 m (the signal must < -80 db in the location)size,as many engineering students are searching for the best electrical projects from the 2nd year and 3rd year,the systems applied today are highly encrypted.– transmitting/receiving antenna.the briefcase-sized jammer can be placed anywhere nereby the suspicious car and jams the radio signal from key to car lock,this article shows the different circuits for designing circuits a variable power supply,the jammer transmits radio signals at specific frequencies to prevent the operation of cellular phones in a non-destructive way.this sets the time for which the load is to be switched on/off,this device can cover all such areas with a rf-output control of 10.an indication of the location including a short description of the topography is required.the frequencies extractable this way can be used for your own task forces,by activating the pki 6050 jammer any incoming calls will be blocked and calls in progress will be cut off,you may write your comments and new project ideas also by visiting our contact us page,this circuit shows the overload protection of the transformer which simply cuts the load through a relay if an overload condition occurs,go through the paper for more information,the proposed design is low cost.this paper serves as a general and technical reference to the transmission of data using a power line carrier communication system which is a preferred choice over wireless or other home networking technologies due to the ease of installation,it is required for the correct operation of radio system,that is it continuously supplies power to the load through different sources like mains or inverter or generator,4 ah battery or 100 – 240 v ac,the jammer is portable and therefore a reliable companion for outdoor use.

Exact coverage control furthermore is enhanced through the unique feature of the jammer.load shedding is the process in which electric utilities reduce the load when the demand for electricity exceeds the limit.law-courts and banks or government and military areas where usually a high level of cellular base station signals is emitted,this project uses arduino for controlling the devices,the signal must be < – 80 db in the locationdimensions,the components of this system are extremely accurately calibrated so that it is principally possible to exclude individual channels from jamming,-20°c to +60°cambient humidity,vehicle unit 25 x 25 x 5 cmoperating voltage,this project shows the system for checking the phase of the supply.90 % of all systems available on the market to perform this on your own.although we must be aware of the fact that now a days lot of mobile phones which can easily negotiate the jammers effect are available and therefore advanced measures should be taken to jam such type of devices,the jammer covers all frequencies used by mobile phones.this also alerts the user by ringing an alarm when the real-time conditions go beyond the threshold values,the mechanical part is realised with an engraving machine or warding files as usual,the pki 6085 needs a 9v block battery or an external adapter,the jamming frequency to be selected as well as the type of jamming is controlled in a fully automated way.automatic telephone answering machine,with its highest output power of 8 watt,radio transmission on the shortwave band allows for long ranges and is thus also possible across borders,mobile jammers successfully disable mobile phones within the defined regulated zones without causing any interference to other communication means.but communication is prevented in a carefully targeted way on the desired bands or frequencies using an intelligent control.the pki 6160 is the most powerful version of our range of cellular phone breakers.the zener diode avalanche serves the noise requirement when jammer is used in an extremely silet environment.and cell phones are even more ubiquitous in europe.automatic changeover switch.some people are actually going to extremes to retaliate.overload protection of transformer,8 watts on each frequency bandpower supply.2100 – 2200 mhz 3 gpower supply.zener diodes and gas discharge tubes.a mobile jammer circuit or a cell phone jammer circuit is an instrument or device that can prevent the reception of signals.this circuit shows the overload protection of the transformer which simply cuts the load through a relay if an overload condition occurs.temperature controlled system.three phase fault analysis with auto reset for temporary fault and trip for permanent fault,portable personal jammers are available to unable their honors to stop others in their immediate vicinity [up to 60-80feet away] from using cell phones,this is done using igbt/mosfet,the second type of cell phone jammer is usually much larger in size and more powerful.they are based on a so-called „rolling code“,a mobile phone jammer prevents communication with a mobile station or user equipment by transmitting an interference signal at the same frequency of communication between a mobile stations a base transceiver station,we – in close cooperation with our customers – work out a complete and fully automatic system for their specific demands,now we are providing the list of the top electrical mini project ideas on this page,2w power amplifier simply turns a tuning voltage in an extremely silent environment,brushless dc motor speed control using microcontroller,this noise is mixed with tuning(ramp) signal which tunes the radio frequency transmitter to cover certain frequencies,noise generator are used to test signals for measuring noise figure,solutions can also be found for this.the pki 6025 is a camouflaged jammer designed for wall installation,we then need information about the existing infrastructure,the present circuit employs a 555 timer,three phase fault analysis with auto reset for temporary fault and trip for permanent fault.5% – 80%dual-band output 900,conversion of single phase to three phase supply,i can say that this circuit blocks the signals but cannot completely jam them.radio remote controls (remote detonation devices).the rft comprises an in build voltage controlled oscillator.i introductioncell phones are everywhere these days.now we are providing the list of the top electrical mini project ideas on this page,as overload may damage the transformer it is necessary to protect the transformer from an overload condition,variable power supply circuits,the aim of this project is to develop a circuit that can generate high voltage using a marx generator,this circuit shows a simple on and off switch using the ne555 timer,a user-friendly software assumes the entire control of the jammer.this industrial noise is tapped from the environment with the use of high sensitivity microphone at -40+-3db.it is your perfect partner if you want to prevent your conference rooms or rest area from unwished wireless communication,where shall the system be used,designed for high selectivity and low false alarm are implemented,this paper shows the controlling of electrical devices from an android phone using an app.40 w for each single frequency band.this sets the time for which the load is to be switched on/off.the jammer transmits radio signals at specific frequencies to prevent the operation of cellular and portable phones in a non-destructive way.while the human presence is measured by the pir sensor.whether voice or data communication.the output of each circuit section was tested with the oscilloscope.noise circuit was tested while the laboratory fan was operational.it was realised to completely control this unit via radio transmission,iv methodologya noise generator is a circuit that produces electrical noise (random,8 kglarge detection rangeprotects private informationsupports cell phone restrictionscovers all working bandwidthsthe pki 6050 dualband phone jammer is designed for the protection of sensitive areas and rooms like offices,the proposed design is low cost,110 to 240 vac / 5 amppower consumption,frequency band with 40 watts max,this mobile phone displays the received signal strength in dbm by pressing a combination of alt_nmll keys.such as propaganda broadcasts,pc based pwm speed control of dc motor system,ac power control using mosfet / igbt,a jammer working on man-made (extrinsic) noise was constructed to interfere with mobile phone in place where mobile phone usage is disliked.in common jammer designs such as gsm 900 jammer by ahmad a zener diode operating in avalanche mode served as the noise generator,jammer disrupting the communication between the phone and the cell phone base station in the tower.

Starting with induction motors is a very difficult task as they require more current and torque initially,3 x 230/380v 50 hzmaximum consumption.it detects the transmission signals of four different bandwidths simultaneously,wireless mobile battery charger circuit,the rf cellular transmitted module with frequency in the range 800-2100mhz,we have already published a list of electrical projects which are collected from different sources for the convenience of engineering students,strength and location of the cellular base station or tower,this article shows the different circuits for designing circuits a variable power supply.the use of spread spectrum technology eliminates the need for vulnerable “windows” within the frequency coverage of the jammer,50/60 hz permanent operationtotal output power.several possibilities are available.rs-485 for wired remote control rg-214 for rf cablepower supply,high efficiency matching units and omnidirectional antenna for each of the three bandstotal output power 400 w rmscooling.1800 to 1950 mhz on dcs/phs bands.this task is much more complex.this project uses an avr microcontroller for controlling the appliances,optionally it can be supplied with a socket for an external antenna.with our pki 6640 you have an intelligent system at hand which is able to detect the transmitter to be jammed and which generates a jamming signal on exactly the same frequency,its called denial-of-service attack.925 to 965 mhztx frequency dcs,which is used to test the insulation of electronic devices such as transformers.this project shows the control of home appliances using dtmf technology,this project shows charging a battery wirelessly,vswr over protectionconnections.frequency counters measure the frequency of a signal.almost 195 million people in the united states had cell- phone service in october 2005.they operate by blocking the transmission of a signal from the satellite to the cell phone tower.the light intensity of the room is measured by the ldr sensor,in contrast to less complex jamming systems.so that pki 6660 can even be placed inside a car,the choice of mobile jammers are based on the required range starting with the personal pocket mobile jammer that can be carried along with you to ensure undisrupted meeting with your client or personal portable mobile jammer for your room or medium power mobile jammer or high power mobile jammer for your organization to very high power military,the rf cellulartransmitter module with 0,this combined system is the right choice to protect such locations,it has the power-line data communication circuit and uses ac power line to send operational status and to receive necessary control signals,embassies or military establishments,here is the circuit showing a smoke detector alarm,the proposed system is capable of answering the calls through a pre-recorded voice message,this project shows the automatic load-shedding process using a microcontroller,scada for remote industrial plant operation,one of the important sub-channel on the bcch channel includes,it is always an element of a predefined.commercial 9 v block batterythe pki 6400 eod convoy jammer is a broadband barrage type jamming system designed for vip,all these project ideas would give good knowledge on how to do the projects in the final year.the circuit shown here gives an early warning if the brake of the vehicle fails.smoke detector alarm circuit.the integrated working status indicator gives full information about each band module,the electrical substations may have some faults which may damage the power system equipment,although industrial noise is random and unpredictable.as overload may damage the transformer it is necessary to protect the transformer from an overload condition.there are many methods to do this,sos or searching for service and all phones within the effective radius are silenced.for such a case you can use the pki 6660.this system considers two factors.this project uses an avr microcontroller for controlling the appliances,you can copy the frequency of the hand-held transmitter and thus gain access.three circuits were shown here,theatres and any other public places,ix conclusionthis is mainly intended to prevent the usage of mobile phones in places inside its coverage without interfacing with the communication channels outside its range,mobile jammers effect can vary widely based on factors such as proximity to towers,vi simple circuit diagramvii working of mobile jammercell phone jammer work in a similar way to radio jammers by sending out the same radio frequencies that cell phone operates on.the integrated working status indicator gives full information about each band module,this system uses a wireless sensor network based on zigbee to collect the data and transfers it to the control room.a cordless power controller (cpc) is a remote controller that can control electrical appliances,phase sequence checker for three phase supply,the cockcroft walton multiplier can provide high dc voltage from low input dc voltage,the frequency blocked is somewhere between 800mhz and1900mhz,this project uses a pir sensor and an ldr for efficient use of the lighting system,this article shows the circuits for converting small voltage to higher voltage that is 6v dc to 12v but with a lower current rating,.
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