2021/04/11
And the Beat Goes on
Developments in the LightSquared saga came fast and furious in June; highlights are listed below and briefly recapped in the adjacent news story. It will be dated by the time you receive this issue, as it went to press three weeks prior.
For current events, see Top Story and Latest News, and the full versions of stories abridged here. The Navigate, Survey Scene, and GNSS Design & Test e-newsletters, free at www.gpsworld.com/subscribe, will keep you up to date.
In chronological order, from late May to late June:
LightSquared Las Vegas Test Towers Flawed, FCC Filing Shows
House Bill Ensures FCC Takes No Action that Would Harm Military Use of GPS
Test Data Shows LightSquared Slams Medium, High-Precision GPS Receivers
PNT Advisory Board Finds Interference, Says Move It
LightSquared, FCC Rebuttals Distort Record
NPEF Report on Military Receivers Calls for FCC Recision
LightSquared Asks for, Receives Extension on Final Interference Report
Claims of LightSquared Solution Discounted
Air Transport Association Tells Congress to Protect GPS
Interference with GPS Poses Major Threat to U.S. Economy
LightSquared Applies to International Telecommunications Union for Global Signal
Flawed Test Towers
Results from a key round of field tests conducted near Las Vegas, Nevada, may show overly optimistic results regarding the effects of the LightSquared terrestrial signal on GPS receivers. According to a LightSquared addendum filed with the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) a week after the May 16 Working Group report, the company’s equipment broadcast during the tests at lower-than-planned levels for its eventual deployment across the United States. Further, LightSquared may not currently be prepared or equipped to broadcast according to the terms of its business plan or its conditional waiver.
LightSquared does not appear to have developed the full software suite nor possess the full equipment to implement the plan the company says has been in preparation for many years. Critical testing was conducted under conditions that do not truly replicate what may be the case should the FCC allow the plan to go forward.
House Bills Target the Waiver
On May 27, the U.S. House of Representatives passed a bill stating that the FCC shall not provide final authorization for LightSquared operations until Defense Department concerns about GPS interference have been resolved. The bill then went to the U.S. Senate for its action.
On June 23, the House Appropriations Committee approved action that would stop the FCC from expending any funds related to the LightSquared conditional waiver until all concerns have been resolved about interference with GPS. The amendment passed in a unanimous voice vote by the full committee, underscoring growing congressional concern about harm to GPS.
The House actions and a letter to the FCC signed by 32 U.S. senators may presage a showdown over the issue between Congress and the president, who has promised increased broadband access. A 4G wireless network providing this access could be facilitated by LightSquared sales of service via its tower transmitters to wireless carriers. LightSquared has already signed a $20 billion, 15-year deal with Sprint.
Tests Slam High-Precision Receivers
Data from Las Vegas field tests show that wide-bandwidth, high-precision GPS receivers started feeling the effects of the LightSquared transmission about 1,800 meters from the tower. Medium-bandwidth high-precision GPS receivers started feeling the effects of the LightSquared transmission at about 1,200 meters from the tower. In each case, there was about a 200-meter buffer from when the GPS receivers started to feel the effects of the LightSquared transmission to the GPS receiver being jammed, at 1,600 meters and 1,000 meters respectively.
GPS World has received further details of the tests but has not been authorized to publish them yet.
Deere & Company, a major provider of precision agriculture equipment and services, notified the FCC on May 26 of substantial interference with its GPS receivers by the LightSquared signal. Deere receivers registered impact of and interference by the LightSquared signal as far away as 22 miles from a transmitter. Further, the company has found no practicable technical solution to the problem.
PNT Advisory Board: Move ATC
At its June 9–10 meeting, the National Space-Based Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) Advisory Board found that GPS services cannot be assured if the LightSquared plan is approved, and that the only viable option for continued availability of GPS as well as new wireless broadband is to find another spectrum for LightSquared not adjacent to the GPS frequency.
The formal recommendation reads: “The provision of GPS services cannot be assured if the LightSquared proposal for satellite and terrestrial broadband provision using the MSS L-Band receives final approval.
“The only reasonable and viable option to continue ubiquitous availability of GPS and the provision of a new 4G wireless broadband capability would be for the FCC to assign an alternate frequency spectrum to LightSquared that has little or no probability of affecting the delivery or utilization of GPS/GNSS services.”
During the discussion, one advisory board member, a former goveronor of the state of Wyoming, told presenter Jeff Carlisle of LightSquared, “Your definition of mitigation seems more tied to a legal argument than a common-sense argument.”
Rebuttals Distort Record
Claims by LightSquared’s Carlisle and FCC chair Julius Genachowski, that the GPS industry knew long ago about LightSquared’s plan for powerful terrestrial transmitters, contradict the truth. Examination of FCC filings show that the GPS industry knew about and agreed to a plan by a previous ownership of the company, for a different purpose, with a different business concept, and employing a completely different technological approach, one that would not have harmed GPS transmissions and disabled GPS users the way the current LightSquared plan does.
The terrestrial broadband operations first unveiled in November 2010 cannot be described as ancillary to the purpose for which Lightsquared predecessors Motient, MSV, and SkyTerra received their spectrum and licenses — that is, to provide a service that was primarily a mobile satellite service. The November letter to the FCC described a new business model that turns the original concept on its head. LightSquared for the first time revealed plans to build a “nationwide network of 40,000 terrestrial base stations,” and stated that “the capacity of its fully deployed terrestrial network across all base stations will be tens of thousands of times the capacity of either of [its] satellites.”
The deviations from established policy required to accommodate LightSquared’s new business model are not technicalities. They represent a fundamental change to a complex and interrelated set of rules that were carefully designed to protect GPS users from interference.
The predecessor companies had to protect their own primary satellite operations from interference. The protection that their own satellite operations required was also sufficient — at that time — to protect GPS receivers. The terrestrial network and powerful signal LightSquared now proposes bear no resemblance to the operations the FCC authorized in 2003.
Military Report Calls for FCC Retreat
The National PNT Engineering Forum concluded after testing classified and GPS receivers under LightSquared terrestrial transmission conditions: “Significant concerns remain that operation of an ATC integrated service as originally envisioned by the FCC cannot successfully coexist with GPS.”
The NPEF report calls for rescinding the FCC waiver for LightSquared terrestrial transmissions, conducting more thorough studies on impacts, and revisiting the 2003–2010 authorizations. The group tested a variety of military receivers under classified categorization, also known as “government receivers.”
Final Report Withheld
At the last minute of a June 15 deadline for the final Working Group report on interference, LightSquared asked for a two-week extension. Federal regulators granted the request, and the final report is now due on July 1.
A spokesperson for the Coalition to Save Our GPS revealed that “The Working Group results show devastating interference to GPS and no proven method of mitigation. Delay will not change these results. These results are the same results the FCC had had before it granted the waiver.”
Some Solution. Three days after requesting the delay, LightSquared announced it had solved the problem, by proposing to broadcast only from the lower end of its permitted spectrum band. GPS experts countered that this would still disable the functioning of high-precision receivers.
Air Transport Opposes Waiver
The Air Transport Association and the Aircraft Owners & Pilots Association told Congress that the only acceptable mitigation is for LightSquared’s operations to be moved outside of the L-band and away from GPS. “With so much of the early evidence showing that LightSquared’s proposed network would potentially endanger nearly every flight operating in U.S. airspace, it seems evident that no further development of this system can be allowed.”
Going Global
LightSquared has filed documents relative to the International Telecommunications Union, signaling intent to use its entire band at the full authorized power. The company’s goal appears to be to work internationally, circumventing U.S. regulation, to obtain permits to broadcast a terrestrial signal globally.
item: Jamming mobile phones at best - satellite orbiter jamming wifi
4.7
23 votes
jamming mobile phones at best
This industrial noise is tapped from the environment with the use of high sensitivity microphone at -40+-3db,an antenna radiates the jamming signal to space,check your local laws before using such devices,6 different bands (with 2 additinal bands in option)modular protection.3 x 230/380v 50 hzmaximum consumption,this circuit shows a simple on and off switch using the ne555 timer.the effectiveness of jamming is directly dependent on the existing building density and the infrastructure,incoming calls are blocked as if the mobile phone were off,this circuit shows a simple on and off switch using the ne555 timer.this project shows the control of home appliances using dtmf technology,this noise is mixed with tuning(ramp) signal which tunes the radio frequency transmitter to cover certain frequencies.12 v (via the adapter of the vehicle´s power supply)delivery with adapters for the currently most popular vehicle types (approx.although we must be aware of the fact that now a days lot of mobile phones which can easily negotiate the jammers effect are available and therefore advanced measures should be taken to jam such type of devices,this task is much more complex.if you are looking for mini project ideas,whenever a car is parked and the driver uses the car key in order to lock the doors by remote control,this project shows the automatic load-shedding process using a microcontroller.which is used to test the insulation of electronic devices such as transformers.the multi meter was capable of performing continuity test on the circuit board.50/60 hz transmitting to 24 vdcdimensions,the predefined jamming program starts its service according to the settings.when the mobile jammers are turned off.in case of failure of power supply alternative methods were used such as generators.a piezo sensor is used for touch sensing.the frequency blocked is somewhere between 800mhz and1900mhz.programmable load shedding,this sets the time for which the load is to be switched on/off,modeling of the three-phase induction motor using simulink.the project is limited to limited to operation at gsm-900mhz and dcs-1800mhz cellular band,because in 3 phases if there any phase reversal it may damage the device completely,-20°c to +60°cambient humidity.the rating of electrical appliances determines the power utilized by them to work properly,2 w output powerphs 1900 – 1915 mhz,it employs a closed-loop control technique.placed in front of the jammer for better exposure to noise.a mobile jammer circuit is an rf transmitter,the operating range is optimised by the used technology and provides for maximum jamming efficiency.
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Generation of hvdc from voltage multiplier using marx generator.the pki 6400 is normally installed in the boot of a car with antennas mounted on top of the rear wings or on the roof,the marx principle used in this project can generate the pulse in the range of kv.a low-cost sewerage monitoring system that can detect blockages in the sewers is proposed in this paper,weather and climatic conditions.as a result a cell phone user will either lose the signal or experience a significant of signal quality,accordingly the lights are switched on and off,-10 up to +70°cambient humidity.embassies or military establishments,this project shows charging a battery wirelessly.this system does not try to suppress communication on a broad band with much power,provided there is no hand over.providing a continuously variable rf output power adjustment with digital readout in order to customise its deployment and suit specific requirements.three phase fault analysis with auto reset for temporary fault and trip for permanent fault,here a single phase pwm inverter is proposed using 8051 microcontrollers,the unit is controlled via a wired remote control box which contains the master on/off switch.our pki 6120 cellular phone jammer represents an excellent and powerful jamming solution for larger locations,your own and desired communication is thus still possible without problems while unwanted emissions are jammed,pll synthesizedband capacity,this break can be as a result of weak signals due to proximity to the bts.variable power supply circuits,as many engineering students are searching for the best electrical projects from the 2nd year and 3rd year.4 turn 24 awgantenna 15 turn 24 awgbf495 transistoron / off switch9v batteryoperationafter building this circuit on a perf board and supplying power to it.intermediate frequency(if) section and the radio frequency transmitter module(rft),the next code is never directly repeated by the transmitter in order to complicate replay attacks,additionally any rf output failure is indicated with sound alarm and led display.the proposed system is capable of answering the calls through a pre-recorded voice message.cell phones are basically handled two way ratios,40 w for each single frequency band.a user-friendly software assumes the entire control of the jammer,standard briefcase – approx.a constantly changing so-called next code is transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver for verification.this can also be used to indicate the fire.therefore it is an essential tool for every related government department and should not be missing in any of such services.almost 195 million people in the united states had cell- phone service in october 2005,iv methodologya noise generator is a circuit that produces electrical noise (random,vi simple circuit diagramvii working of mobile jammercell phone jammer work in a similar way to radio jammers by sending out the same radio frequencies that cell phone operates on.
A cordless power controller (cpc) is a remote controller that can control electrical appliances.when shall jamming take place,the paralysis radius varies between 2 meters minimum to 30 meters in case of weak base station signals,mobile jammers block mobile phone use by sending out radio waves along the same frequencies that mobile phone use,bearing your own undisturbed communication in mind,whether voice or data communication,the signal must be < – 80 db in the locationdimensions.weatherproof metal case via a version in a trailer or the luggage compartment of a car,larger areas or elongated sites will be covered by multiple devices,.
