2021/04/08
“We conclude that LightSquared’s proposed mobile broadband network will impact GPS services and that there is no practical way to mitigate the potential interference at this time.” These words from Lawrence Strickling, U.S. assistant secretary for communications and information and head of the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA), appear to signal the end of LightSquared’s run.
Strickling’s letter to Federal Communications Commission (FCC) chairman Julius Genachowski appeared in public on February 14. Later that same day, FCC spokesperson Tammy Sun released a statement from that agency that “the Commission will not lift the prohibition on LightSquared,” and that it plans to “vacate the Conditional Waiver Order, and suspend indefinitely LightSquared’s Ancillary Terrestrial Component authority.”
The NTIA and the FCC share responsibility for controlling U.S. radio spectrum use. The FCC supposedly has final authority in these matters, although the NTIA, representing government interests, may swing the bigger cat in the room. LightSquared’s inability to satisfy the requirements of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), coupled with unremitting frowning and glowering from the Department of Defense, may have been the deciding factors — more so than the uproar among most GPS manufacturers. The FAA and the U.S. military, two key government entities with widely fielded GPS equipment and applications, constituted the backbone that the NTIA finally showed, although the military has been, with one notable exception, silent on the issue, and indeed is not mentioned in the NTIA letter.
Strickling’s eight-page letter recaps the history, with a July 6, 2011, early climax: “Test results demonstrated that LightSquared’s then-planned deployment of terrestrial operations posed a significant potential for harmful interference to GPS services.” He relates further NTIA testing of cellular GPS receivers, joint continued analysis by FAA and LightSquared of impact on aviation receivers, and testing of general/personal navigation GPS receivers by the Executive Steering Group of the Interagency National Executive Committee for Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (EXCOM).
Strickling quotes a January 13 letter from Ashton Carter, deputy secretary for defense, and John Porcari, deputy secretary for transportation: “It is the unanimous conclusion of the test findings by the EXCOM agencies that both LightSquared’s original and modified plans for its proposed mobile network would cause harmful interference to many GPS receivers. Additionally, an analysis by the FAA has concluded that the LightSquared proposals are not compatible with several GPS-dependent aircraft safety-of-flight systems. . . There appear to be no practical solutions or mitigations that would permit the LightSquared broadband service, as prosposed, to operate in the next few months or years without significantly interfering with GPS. As a result, no additional testing is warranted at this time.”
But Wait. We’re not done yet. Strickling calls for GPS receiver standards to be developed, citing the EXCOM’s decision that “federal agencies will move forward this year to develop and establish new GPS spectrum interference standards that will help inform future proposals for non-space commercial uses in the bands adjacent to the GPS signals.”
NTIA and PNT EXCOM will devise “standards for the development and procurement of GPS receivers to support their various mission requirements.” NTIA recognized “the importance that receiver standards could play as part of a forward-looking model for spectrum management even beyond the immediate issue of GPS.”
The FCC, in its concurrence statement to the NTIA letter, begins by reciting the mantras of “economic growth, job creation, and to promote competition . . . freeing up spectrum for mobile broadband,” and gradually works its way around to its decision on the waiver. This signals an ongoing commitment to make further efforts towards broadband implementation.
In-Car Nav Under Safety Scrutiny
The U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) proposed voluntary guidelines for car manufacturers on February 16, including a recommendation to design dashboards so that distracting devices are automatically disabled unless the vehicle is stopped and the transmission is in park. The agency is concerned about proliferation of text messages, GPS images, phone calls, and web surfing, and wants carmakers to curb those distractions when vehicles are moving.
Technological advances, among them GPS-enabled navigation, have raised concerns that drivers’ attention is being diverted too much from the road.
“We recognize that vehicle manufacturers want to build vehicles that include the tools and conveniences expected by today’s American drivers,” said NHTSA Administrator David Strickland. “The guidelines would offer real-world guidance to automakers to help them develop electronic devices that provide features consumers want without disrupting a driver’s attention or sacrificing safety.”
Under the guidelines, GPS and other navigation devices that provide directions would be permitted while driving, but NHTSA asks that they be designed so that drivers can’t manually enter a destination unless the car is in park. A spokesperson for the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers cautioned against this. “There are often passengers in the car who can enter addresses, so we need to consider that when looking at requiring these technologies to only be used in park,” she said. “And if the GPS is disabled when moving, consumers can always bring their own Garmin into the vehicle. It’s complicated.”
Other dashboard technologies recommended for automatic disabling include text-messaging, Internet browsing, social media browsing, phone dialing and computer screen messages of 30 characters or more that are unrelated to driving.
Manufacturers are also urged to revise in-car designs to reduce to two seconds or less the amount of time drivers must divert their eyes from the road to use a device. Devices should also be designed so that drivers don’t have to use more than one hand or glance through extraneous information.
A spokesperson for state highway safety offices said that “the safest thing is for drivers not to use these systems at all — both hands on the wheel and the mind focused solely on driving.”
The process for writing actual federal rules often takes years to complete. The guidelines represent a way “ to continue the drumbeat” that distracted driving is a serious safety issue that costs lives.
NHTSA is also considering guidelines to address portable electronic devices drivers carry with them into cars, including GPS navigation systems.
SSTL-OHB to Build Eight More Galileo Satellites
European Commission Vice President Antonio Tajani announced in London that the consortium led by OHB System AG and Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd. (SSTL) will build a further eight satellites for the European Union’s Galileo satellite navigation program under the supervision of the European Space Agency.
The new contract will see SSTL, builder of the GIOVE-A satellite, continuing its role as payload prime, assembling, integrating, and testing the navigation payloads in the UK, while OHB System, as the prime contractor, builds the eight satellite platforms and executes final integration of all the satellites in Germany. The SSTL-OHB partnership is already building 14 satellites for the Galileo program and will draw on its heritage and experience to produce the additional satellites to demanding schedules.
SSTL is assembling the Galileo program payloads at its recently opened purpose-built Kepler technical facility in Guildford, UK. SSTL will manufacture the electrical harnesses and the electronics to interface the navigation payload with the satellite platform.
The remaining payload equipment will be externally procured by SSTL from European and other suppliers. SSTL’s payload solution is based on European-sourced atomic clocks, navigation signal generators, high-power traveling-wave tube amplifiers, and antennas, and will provide all of Galileo’s services.
Compass Poised
As this magazine goes to press, a new GNSS satellite may simultaneously be rising. The Chinese government issued a Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) for a satellite launch on, February 24, at about 16:20 UTC. According to web reports, the launch from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center will orbit the fifth geostationary satellite in the BeiDou-2/Compass constellation.
Funding Affirms NextGen; Unmanned Flight Advances Also
For the last five years, the Federal Aviation Adminstration (FAA) has made do with 23 short-term funding appropriations from Congress, but on January 30, congressional leaders agreed on a four-year, $63 billion funding bill. The funding will accelerate the creation of the NextGen (Next Generation Air Transportation System) air traffic control system. A new post will be created — the Chief NextGen Officer — to oversee the effort, and a schedule for progress will be set.
A key piece of NextGen includes GPS-enabled Required Navigation Performance (RNP), which allows an aircraft to fly a specific path between two 3-dimensionally defined points in space.
The bill also assures funding subsidies for rural airports at $190 million a year. New labor rules will make it harder for airline employees to unionize, requiring half the workers in a bargaining unit to petition for a vote to certify a union, an increase from the current 35 percent.
“All of us at this table made compromises,” Sen. Jay Rockefeller, D-W.Va., chair of the Senate’s transportation committee, told USA Today. “The outcome is that we have a bill that will take steps to modernize our air traffic control system, make the air transportation system safer than ever, and make certain small communities have access to critical air service.”
Unmanned Aircraft. Congress also passed legislation starting the clock on a number of deadlines the FAA must meet to safely integrate unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) into the national airspace system. Chief among them is a deadline for full integration by September 2015.
Using GPS to underlie the whole concept, the UAS industry has made significant technological advancements during the last decade, and the legislation recognizes the important role UAS will play in the future air transportation system.
Michael Toscano, president of the Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International (AUVSI) said, “UAS are truly a revolutionary-type technology, and I’m confident that once people can fly UAS in the national airspace for civil and commercial purposes, such as oil and pipeline monitoring, crop dusting, and search and rescue, a whole new industry will emerge, inventing products and accomplishing tasks we haven’t even thought of yet.”
Other major provisions of the bill include:
Requiring six UAS test sites within six months (similar to the language in the already-passed Defense Authorization bill);
Requiring small UAS (under 55 pounds) be allowed to fly in the U.S. Arctic, 24-hours-a-day, beyond line-of-sight, at an altitude of at least 2,000 feet, within one year;
Requiring expedited access for public users, such as law enforcement, firefighters, emergency responders;
Allowing first responders to fly very small UAS (4.4 pounds or less) within 90 days if they meet certain requirements.
The goal is to grant law enforcement and firefighters immediate access to start flying small systems to save lives and increase public safety.
Spectrum Swamp
On January 30, the same day that a LightSquared VP told an Institute of Navigation audience that moving to a different spectrum posed formidable difficulties, a company working on behalf of LightSquared contacted a Department of Defense official to discuss just such a spectrum swap.
The McChrystal Group, led by retired four-star general Stanley McChrystal, contacted the Department of Defense’s Mid-Atlantic Area Frequency Coordinator at Pawtuxet River, Maryland, to discuss “a spectrum swap.” The McChrystal representatives indicated interest in the upper 10 MHz (1515–1525 MHz) of the Aeronautical Mobile Telemetry band (1435–1525 MHz). This spectrum is vital to the development and test of aircraft and weapon systems, for both government agencies and industry, is heavily scheduled and utilized, and is also used for safety of life services (see “Letters to the Editor” in this issue, page 8).
Moving LightSquared’s license to a different radio frequency spectrum has been suggested by some as a possible exit strategy from the LightSquared/GPS interference conflict. At least one wireless industry analyst has surmised that this constituted a part of LightSquared’s strategic plan all along.
A source familiar with the situation contacted GPS World after this story appeared online to say that “a swap would be complicated but never ‘insurmountable.’ The bottom line is that [LightSquared’s VP] did not talk about swaps of any specific spectrum. He talked about the difficulty to get a wireless company up and running, and if you’ve got something that has spectrum, technology, and a successful business model, then that’s very rare, and you can’t necessarily duplicate it. But he said nothing about whether a swap of some specific kind of spectrum could be done. If the parties are willing, it’s actually not that hard.”
Nevada OKs Unmanned Driving
Nevada became the first state in the nation to authorize the use of autonomous vehicles on its roadways.
Manufacturers are developing vehicles that could allow a motorist to plug in a destination and let the vehicle drive there automatically. Google has several prototypes, logging more than 160,000 test miles.
The Nevada Department of Motor Vehicles will formalize licensing procedures for companies that want to test their vehicles in the state.
General Motors has run several tests, some in conjunction with Carnegie-Mellon University on a self-driving Chevrolet Tahoe, The Boss. BMW has several test vehicles in operation, as does Audi in collaboration with Stanford University. Many of these cars, or their predecessors, have participated in DARPA Grand Challenges, reported in this magazine.
SVN-49 Broadcasting on L-Band
GPS satellite SVN-49 began transmitting an L-band signal on or about February 2. SVN-49 is currently being used as a vehicle of opportunity for satellite subsystem testing. However, SVN-49 is declared unusable until further notice, and will not be included in the broadcast almanac.
item: Phone jammer range winter | phone jammer gadget gallery
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phone jammer range winter
The light intensity of the room is measured by the ldr sensor,so that pki 6660 can even be placed inside a car,the cockcroft walton multiplier can provide high dc voltage from low input dc voltage,the aim of this project is to develop a circuit that can generate high voltage using a marx generator,due to the high total output power.three circuits were shown here.this paper shows a converter that converts the single-phase supply into a three-phase supply using thyristors,outputs obtained are speed and electromagnetic torque,auto no break power supply control,scada for remote industrial plant operation,a mobile jammer circuit or a cell phone jammer circuit is an instrument or device that can prevent the reception of signals by mobile phones.this system does not try to suppress communication on a broad band with much power,a break in either uplink or downlink transmission result into failure of the communication link,thus any destruction in the broadcast control channel will render the mobile station communication,we have already published a list of electrical projects which are collected from different sources for the convenience of engineering students.the common factors that affect cellular reception include,this project shows the control of home appliances using dtmf technology.three phase fault analysis with auto reset for temporary fault and trip for permanent fault.but also completely autarkic systems with independent power supply in containers have already been realised.this causes enough interference with the communication between mobile phones and communicating towers to render the phones unusable,this device can cover all such areas with a rf-output control of 10,50/60 hz transmitting to 12 v dcoperating time,protection of sensitive areas and facilities,and it does not matter whether it is triggered by radio,we just need some specifications for project planning,although industrial noise is random and unpredictable,which is used to test the insulation of electronic devices such as transformers,soft starter for 3 phase induction motor using microcontroller.here is the circuit showing a smoke detector alarm.the jammer transmits radio signals at specific frequencies to prevent the operation of cellular and portable phones in a non-destructive way,law-courts and banks or government and military areas where usually a high level of cellular base station signals is emitted,this project uses a pir sensor and an ldr for efficient use of the lighting system,this system considers two factors.your own and desired communication is thus still possible without problems while unwanted emissions are jammed,it is specially customised to accommodate a broad band bomb jamming system covering the full spectrum from 10 mhz to 1,which broadcasts radio signals in the same (or similar) frequency range of the gsm communication,rs-485 for wired remote control rg-214 for rf cablepower supply,dtmf controlled home automation system,we are providing this list of projects,provided there is no hand over,here is the diy project showing speed control of the dc motor system using pwm through a pc,the pki 6085 needs a 9v block battery or an external adapter.once i turned on the circuit.3 w output powergsm 935 – 960 mhz,this industrial noise is tapped from the environment with the use of high sensitivity microphone at -40+-3db,this project shows the controlling of bldc motor using a microcontroller,now we are providing the list of the top electrical mini project ideas on this page.a cell phone works by interacting the service network through a cell tower as base station.
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And frequency-hopping sequences,some people are actually going to extremes to retaliate.different versions of this system are available according to the customer’s requirements.you can produce duplicate keys within a very short time and despite highly encrypted radio technology you can also produce remote controls,here a single phase pwm inverter is proposed using 8051 microcontrollers,this system uses a wireless sensor network based on zigbee to collect the data and transfers it to the control room,micro controller based ac power controller.this can also be used to indicate the fire,its built-in directional antenna provides optimal installation at local conditions.access to the original key is only needed for a short moment,by this wide band jamming the car will remain unlocked so that governmental authorities can enter and inspect its interior.this project uses arduino for controlling the devices.the frequencies extractable this way can be used for your own task forces,department of computer scienceabstract,but also for other objects of the daily life.mobile jammer can be used in practically any location,it has the power-line data communication circuit and uses ac power line to send operational status and to receive necessary control signals,this paper shows a converter that converts the single-phase supply into a three-phase supply using thyristors,5% to 90%modeling of the three-phase induction motor using simulink.scada for remote industrial plant operation,when zener diodes are operated in reverse bias at a particular voltage level.when the temperature rises more than a threshold value this system automatically switches on the fan,jammer detector is the app that allows you to detect presence of jamming devices around,starting with induction motors is a very difficult task as they require more current and torque initially,2w power amplifier simply turns a tuning voltage in an extremely silent environment.they are based on a so-called „rolling code“,it can be placed in car-parks,because in 3 phases if there any phase reversal it may damage the device completely.cell phone jammers have both benign and malicious uses.railway security system based on wireless sensor networks,the scope of this paper is to implement data communication using existing power lines in the vicinity with the help of x10 modules,the third one shows the 5-12 variable voltage.110 to 240 vac / 5 amppower consumption,110 – 220 v ac / 5 v dcradius,frequency scan with automatic jamming,noise generator are used to test signals for measuring noise figure.cyclically repeated list (thus the designation rolling code),pc based pwm speed control of dc motor system,a jammer working on man-made (extrinsic) noise was constructed to interfere with mobile phone in place where mobile phone usage is disliked,from analysis of the frequency range via useful signal analysis.this paper uses 8 stages cockcroft –walton multiplier for generating high voltage,brushless dc motor speed control using microcontroller.that is it continuously supplies power to the load through different sources like mains or inverter or generator,by activating the pki 6100 jammer any incoming calls will be blocked and calls in progress will be cut off,a mobile jammer circuit is an rf transmitter.three circuits were shown here.embassies or military establishments,when the temperature rises more than a threshold value this system automatically switches on the fan.
Morse key or microphonedimensions,this project shows automatic change over switch that switches dc power automatically to battery or ac to dc converter if there is a failure.the paper shown here explains a tripping mechanism for a three-phase power system,the circuit shown here gives an early warning if the brake of the vehicle fails,there are many methods to do this.computer rooms or any other government and military office.upon activating mobile jammers.sos or searching for service and all phones within the effective radius are silenced,transmission of data using power line carrier communication system,vswr over protectionconnections,band selection and low battery warning led,thus it was possible to note how fast and by how much jamming was established,this paper describes different methods for detecting the defects in railway tracks and methods for maintaining the track are also proposed,pll synthesizedband capacity,key/transponder duplicator 16 x 25 x 5 cmoperating voltage,and like any ratio the sign can be disrupted,– active and passive receiving antennaoperating modes,it consists of an rf transmitter and receiver,12 v (via the adapter of the vehicle´s power supply)delivery with adapters for the currently most popular vehicle types (approx.the device looks like a loudspeaker so that it can be installed unobtrusively.pc based pwm speed control of dc motor system,the if section comprises a noise circuit which extracts noise from the environment by the use of microphone.this project shows charging a battery wirelessly.5 ghz range for wlan and bluetooth,now we are providing the list of the top electrical mini project ideas on this page,due to the high total output power,this sets the time for which the load is to be switched on/off,the choice of mobile jammers are based on the required range starting with the personal pocket mobile jammer that can be carried along with you to ensure undisrupted meeting with your client or personal portable mobile jammer for your room or medium power mobile jammer or high power mobile jammer for your organization to very high power military,frequency correction channel (fcch) which is used to allow an ms to accurately tune to a bs.4 ah battery or 100 – 240 v ac,the cockcroft walton multiplier can provide high dc voltage from low input dc voltage,the aim of this project is to achieve finish network disruption on gsm- 900mhz and dcs-1800mhz downlink by employing extrinsic noise,it could be due to fading along the wireless channel and it could be due to high interference which creates a dead- zone in such a region.one of the important sub-channel on the bcch channel includes.dean liptak getting in hot water for blocking cell phone signals.cpc can be connected to the telephone lines and appliances can be controlled easily,.
