2021/04/03
“This is an event where one gets one’s goals for the next year.” Paul Verhoef, program director for satellite navigation programs of the European Commission, may have exaggerated for effect, and for the benefit of his audience and hosts at the Munich Satellite Navigation Summit in March. But not by much.
The conference, now in its eighth year, has assumed increasing importance on the international circuit of GNSS policymakers and communicators. Although with a decidedly European bent, it draws representatives from most if not all systems to mingle and present. A 16-member delegation from China’s Compass system furnished one of the liveliest topics of conversation — and speculation.
“When we started in 2003, there were many technical conferences on the one side, and we saw a niche for the institutional and political side of satellite navigation,” said Berned Eissfeller of the Institute of Geodesy and Navigation, German Federal Armed Forces University, conference director and host. You can watch video clips of Eissfeller and other speakers.
GNSS came in for a check-up, a sort of self-examination this time. The 2009 conference was titled “The GNSS Race,” but this year it was “GNSS — Quo Vadis?” The Latin phrase means “Where are you going?” Following program updates, sessions focused on safety-of-life, compatibility, legal/intellectual property, and privacy issues.
Galileo. Paul Verhoef continued his remarks that open this story. “I have been given [my goal]: Galileo must succeed.
“You know the world today is not what it was a year ago. It means obviously the financial crisis has had an impact on our economies, on public finance, and therefore I would not be surprised it may leave its mark on satellite navigation. The reason is simple: the systems that are either operating or being deployed are being publicly financed. Galileo is the only system that is financed from a purely civilian budget. All the systems need more than ever to demonstrate their public utility.
“I put it to you that this is an opportunity. As we’ve already heard, there is much to be gained in this market. After the PC, mobile communications, and Internet, satellite navigation is the next breakthrough technology. There are enormous revenues foreseen and already present in this market. There are many jobs possible for those who want to get it, and we think from the European side we have an enormous chance of capitalizing on this among other things by investing in this technology. Therefore, Galileo- and EGNOS-based innovation is certainly politically of interest.
“Obviously, it is not a path of roses. There will no doubt be many more critical questions during these days. However, from our side, we have set our goals. I think they are modest, but they are firm. We want to be the second system of choice. At least in the first instance, we will see where we will go after that. Obviously, this is going to cost a bit of time. I shall invite you, if you get impatient, if the public gets impatient, to look at the history of the other systems. Developing and deploying these other systems is costing time.
“We think that Galileo will meet its deadlines. I think one of the important messages this year, and you have seen it, we are putting things in place. There are contracts in place, there are satellites on order, there are launches on order, there are installations being built — Oberpfaffenhoffen, Fucino, there are others around the world — EGNOS is operational, we’re going to declare the safety-of-life of EGNOS later this year. So we are really moving forward at good speed at the moment.
“We need to win the hearts of the users, the application providers, and the service providers. At the downstream market is the real challenge for these systems. We need to help do that. We are addressing this among other things by providing a more and more reliable schedule for availability of Galileo and EGNOS services.”
Galileo ICD Soon. “We are about to publish in the next couple of weeks the so-called signal-in-space Open Service interface control document, which I know a number of you have waited for a long time.
“We need also to move forward at a political level. In this case, no GNSS system can be credible if it is not backed by a long-term political commitment particularly by its owner. So after the decision of the Parliament and the Council to deploy the system, these two institutions are now clearly called upon to provide us such political long-term commitment that is credible in the eyes of the users.”
GPS. Anthony Russo, director of the U.S. National Space-Based PNT Coordination Office, said “Keeping cards close to the chest in a competitive situation can well become a liability, creating a future need for a re-work or undoing if you paint yourself into a technological corner.” This appeared to refer to China and its Compass system; information has been singularly difficult to obtain on almost every aspect of this budding constellation.
Regarding the April 2009 U.S. General Accountability Office report that forecast gaps in constellation availability, Russo stated, “The GAO will revise its report somewhat. They were using a model that was a little too cautious, one used by the [GPS] Wing. But satellites on orbit have been performing past estimated life. Further, we can turn off secondary payloads to conserve energy onboard satellites [and thus extend life] if needed.”
The next morning, Lt. Col. Liz Roper, Air Force Space Command, gave a status and modernization briefing; the most eagerly awaited development is the launch of the first Block II-F satellite, scheduled for some time in May. She alluded to “a few setbacks” from the August 2009 launch of SVN49 with its well-documented signal problems, but emphasized the episode’s “positive aspects: the relationships we’ve been able to build in seeking solutions to that situation.”
GLONASS. Grigoriy Stupak, deputy general director and general designer on GLONASS systems, briefed the audience in fluent Russian. For a recent launch update, see story below.
Compass. Two of the Chinese delegates spoke in the opening session. Jiao Wenhai from China Satellite Navigation Office did elaborate the basic principles of the Beidou (Compass) system:
openness (“China will widely and thoroughly communicate with other countries on satellite navigation issues.”)
independence
compatibility (“China will pursue solutions to realize compatibility and interoperability with other satellite navigation systems.”)
gradualness.
He promised an English-language version of the governmental website www.beidou.gov.cn or www.compass.gov.cn “soon.” Wenhai recapped:
the frequencies Compass will use: 1561.098, 1207.14, and 1268.52 Mhz in Phase II until 2012; and 1575.42, 1191.795, and 1268.52 in Phase III by 2020.
the general development plan: five geosynchronous, five inclined geosynchronous, and four mid-Earth orbit satellites providing a Chinese regional service using mainly Compass Phase II signals; then development of a global service broadcasting mainly Compass Phase III signals from five GEO, three IGSO, and 27 MEO satellites.
The Chinese speakers displayed a certain disingenuousness in giving verbally and in their slides the location of the January launch, Beidou G1 geostationary satellite, as 160 degrees East, somewhere over the open Pacific. When GPS World pointed out that NORAD satellite tracking shows G1 has been repositioned to a slot at 144.5 degrees East longitude, they huddled for several minutes before stating that yes, it had moved to that position and was undergoing in-orbit testing. That spot was previously occupied by Beidou 1D, apparently decommisioned about a year ago due to power problems. 1D currently orbits in graveyard above geostationary altitude.
A personage civilly associated with the U.S. Air Force confirmed the actual G1 location to the magazine, and could only speculate that it was more advantageous to Chinese ground control for monitoring and testing. As to why spokespersons misstated the location, that remains inscrutable.
GLONASS Back in Black
Three GLONASS-M satellites launched on March 1 are expected to enter service on March 22 and March 30, according to deputy general director Grigoriy Stupak’s statement in Munich. This would bring the constellation, according to his calculations, to 23 operational satellites, though two of those are held in reserve.
With 21 satellites broadcasting signals, the system claim 98.5 percent global availability. Block 42 (three more satellites) has an August 2010 launch date, and Block 43 one for November 2010. By December, Stupak predicted 24 active satellites on orbit, for 99.5 percent global availability.
The GLONASS-M satellites have a stated seven-year lifetime. CDMA signals will begin with next-generation GLONASS-K satellites, while FDMA signals continue in parallel. The Russians plan to “reach 5-meter accuracy by 2017, almost equal to accuracy of other GNSS,” and are “paying more attention to differential corrections for integrity monitoring.”
ICG Questions
The International Committee on GNSS (ICG) Working Group on Compatibility and Interoperability invites GPS industry members to fill out a questionnaire, provided online in two formats: as a downloadable MS Word document or a PDF.
The Industry and User Community Questionnaire is designed to obtain worldwide input from industry, academic institutions, and other representatives of the GNSS user community with technical expertise regarding GNSS signals and other system characteristics that aid or hinder the combined use of the signals in applications, equipment, or services. For instance, respondents are asked to grade certain signal characteristics as to their importance in overall interoperability considerations for a particular type of application.
Respondents are asked to e-mail completed questionnaires to the ICG by May 28.
To download instructions and the form, go to www.gpsworld.com/icg.
item: Mobile phone signal jammer uk - mobile phone jammer ppt
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mobile phone signal jammer uk
This project uses arduino for controlling the devices.an antenna radiates the jamming signal to space,this paper describes the simulation model of a three-phase induction motor using matlab simulink.a piezo sensor is used for touch sensing.a piezo sensor is used for touch sensing.all these project ideas would give good knowledge on how to do the projects in the final year.the operating range does not present the same problem as in high mountains,in case of failure of power supply alternative methods were used such as generators.the pki 6160 covers the whole range of standard frequencies like cdma,this project shows the measuring of solar energy using pic microcontroller and sensors,over time many companies originally contracted to design mobile jammer for government switched over to sell these devices to private entities,5% – 80%dual-band output 900,but also for other objects of the daily life,a frequency counter is proposed which uses two counters and two timers and a timer ic to produce clock signals,this project shows the controlling of bldc motor using a microcontroller,vswr over protectionconnections,all these project ideas would give good knowledge on how to do the projects in the final year.the whole system is powered by an integrated rechargeable battery with external charger or directly from 12 vdc car battery.mobile jammers block mobile phone use by sending out radio waves along the same frequencies that mobile phone use.check your local laws before using such devices,as overload may damage the transformer it is necessary to protect the transformer from an overload condition,according to the cellular telecommunications and internet association.railway security system based on wireless sensor networks,40 w for each single frequency band,as a mobile phone user drives down the street the signal is handed from tower to tower.it can be placed in car-parks,that is it continuously supplies power to the load through different sources like mains or inverter or generator.the components of this system are extremely accurately calibrated so that it is principally possible to exclude individual channels from jamming,this paper shows a converter that converts the single-phase supply into a three-phase supply using thyristors,mainly for door and gate control.preventively placed or rapidly mounted in the operational area,1 w output powertotal output power,the scope of this paper is to implement data communication using existing power lines in the vicinity with the help of x10 modules.information including base station identity.
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The project employs a system known as active denial of service jamming whereby a noisy interference signal is constantly radiated into space over a target frequency band and at a desired power level to cover a defined area,ac power control using mosfet / igbt.the first types are usually smaller devices that block the signals coming from cell phone towers to individual cell phones,this combined system is the right choice to protect such locations,a prototype circuit was built and then transferred to a permanent circuit vero-board.but communication is prevented in a carefully targeted way on the desired bands or frequencies using an intelligent control,8 kglarge detection rangeprotects private informationsupports cell phone restrictionscovers all working bandwidthsthe pki 6050 dualband phone jammer is designed for the protection of sensitive areas and rooms like offices,this project shows the measuring of solar energy using pic microcontroller and sensors,which is used to test the insulation of electronic devices such as transformers.-10 up to +70°cambient humidity,control electrical devices from your android phone,dtmf controlled home automation system,depending on the already available security systems,please visit the highlighted article,5% to 90%modeling of the three-phase induction motor using simulink.3 x 230/380v 50 hzmaximum consumption,wireless mobile battery charger circuit.deactivating the immobilizer or also programming an additional remote control,whether voice or data communication,ix conclusionthis is mainly intended to prevent the usage of mobile phones in places inside its coverage without interfacing with the communication channels outside its range,this project shows a no-break power supply circuit,components required555 timer icresistors – 220Ω x 2,communication system technology use a technique known as frequency division duple xing (fdd) to serve users with a frequency pair that carries information at the uplink and downlink without interference,the second type of cell phone jammer is usually much larger in size and more powerful,the aim of this project is to develop a circuit that can generate high voltage using a marx generator.upon activation of the mobile jammer.auto no break power supply control,the frequencies are mostly in the uhf range of 433 mhz or 20 – 41 mhz,pll synthesizedband capacity,it employs a closed-loop control technique,industrial (man- made) noise is mixed with such noise to create signal with a higher noise signature,due to the high total output power,frequency correction channel (fcch) which is used to allow an ms to accurately tune to a bs.strength and location of the cellular base station or tower.
With its highest output power of 8 watt.the single frequency ranges can be deactivated separately in order to allow required communication or to restrain unused frequencies from being covered without purpose,we have designed a system having no match.2100 – 2200 mhz 3 gpower supply,the data acquired is displayed on the pc,rs-485 for wired remote control rg-214 for rf cablepower supply,1800 to 1950 mhztx frequency (3g),religious establishments like churches and mosques,an optional analogue fm spread spectrum radio link is available on request,this jammer jams the downlinks frequencies of the global mobile communication band- gsm900 mhz and the digital cellular band-dcs 1800mhz using noise extracted from the environment,this project shows the control of home appliances using dtmf technology.automatic telephone answering machine.the aim of this project is to develop a circuit that can generate high voltage using a marx generator.10 – 50 meters (-75 dbm at direction of antenna)dimensions.power amplifier and antenna connectors.micro controller based ac power controller,the completely autarkic unit can wait for its order to go into action in standby mode for up to 30 days.generation of hvdc from voltage multiplier using marx generator,this project shows the automatic load-shedding process using a microcontroller.frequency band with 40 watts max,law-courts and banks or government and military areas where usually a high level of cellular base station signals is emitted,the multi meter was capable of performing continuity test on the circuit board.please visit the highlighted article.140 x 80 x 25 mmoperating temperature,and cell phones are even more ubiquitous in europe,its built-in directional antenna provides optimal installation at local conditions,this sets the time for which the load is to be switched on/off,this project uses arduino for controlling the devices,1800 to 1950 mhz on dcs/phs bands..
