2021/04/08
By Stéphane Gallot, Pascal Dutot, and Christophe Sajous
A new hardware assessment tool automates testing and mission replay, managing military GPS receiver input and output data, with an operational implementation and with a better control of initialization conditions, especially direct P(Y) acquisition. The test bench drives a GPS/Galileo simulator, a digital jammer, and software programs for visibility computation based on terrain modeling, and for multipath generation on 3D renderings.
Comprehensive assessment of military GPS receivers becomes more complex as they are integrated into advanced systems. To limit testing on systems under live conditions, laboratory evaluations with real elements are essential.
A new hybrid test bench called Statistical INERtial Gnss HYbrid in Simulation (SINERGHYS) is designed for governmental use to validate the integration of GPS/Galileo receivers within the navigation system for different platforms. As system-level requirements become more stringent, this bench has been designed to assess the behavior of the complete system in an operational context.
This new assessment hardware-in-the-loop tool is designed to automate testing and to replay missions with an operational implementation and with a better control of initialization conditions, especially direct P(Y) acquisition. This test bench drives many simulation tools: a GPS/Galileo simulator, a digital miniaturized jammer, and different softwares such as one enabling the computation of visibility depending on the terrain modeling, or one dedicated to the generation of multipaths on surfaces of realistic 3D scenes.
Figure 1. Depiction of SINERGHYS.
Figure 2. Focus on the bench.
A Common Bench. Since 2000, with the arrival of the new cryptographic generation (the selective availability anti-spoofing module, or SAASM), the French government defence procurement agency (DGA) GPS laboratory decided to buy off-the-shelf GPS SAASM receivers that cover different form factors and applications. To test performance, it was necessary to acquire a test bench suitable for each GPS receiver. Testing procedures became more and more complex, and most of the manufacturer-provided benches could not perform every test required, such as direct P(Y) acquisition. To improve French expertise concerning GPS receivers, the DGA GPS laboratory decided to develop a common, generic test bench taking into account the integration constraints of each receiver. The perimeter of the hybrid test bench consists of a PC and a generic GPS test bench.
Figures 3 and 4 show examples of military GPS receivers integrated into the bench.
Figure 3. MPE-S (Ground-based application, Rockwell Collins).
Figure 4. 1000S (Avionics,Thales).
Figure 5. Embedded jammer.
Figure 6. Jamming environment for a fighter aircraft. (Click to enlarge.)
Bench management is centralized, so test conditions are generic, and all simulation parameters are fully controlled. This enables users to display a unique view of the complete information and to be able to replay specific scenarios.
The bench manages military GPS receivers’ input and output data as described in the respective receivers’ interface control document (ICD) or interface specification: this enables, for example, the initialization of GPS receivers by sending precise time to facilitate direct P(Y) acquisition. This new bench is compatible with many GPS receivers with different form factors and applications.
Several receivers can be tested at the same time with the same software, so that the behavior of the GPS receivers can be compared in real time. Data from the different receivers can be observed on the same window of the graphic user interface (GUI). Specific data from ICDs can be displayed on the GUI. The user can visualize three different windows: the first is related to integrity, the second to alarms, and the third to cryptography. All the data output by the receivers can be recorded and replayed.
To facilitate and enhance trials on GPS receivers, the bench can use a Monte Carlo method, enabling sequentially and automatically chained scenarios, up to 10,000 test sequences, primarily for characterization of time-to-first-fix (TTFF).
Inertial navigation system (INS)/GPS hybridization in real time can be simulated via processing based on a Kalman filter of the information delivered by simulated INS and GPS. Loose and tight coupling can be selected through the GUI as well as filter parameters. The Kalman filter design is independent from the receiver and from the type of trajectory simulated. The user can decide whether the GPS receiver does receive aiding either from the simulated INS, or from the optimal navigation (output of Kalman filter).
Interfaces
The bench can interface with various external means and drive some tools and materials involved in the functioning of the bench.
With GPS Simulator. In the interface with the simulator, an intuitive GUI facilitates scenario preparation. When ready, SINERGHYS begins to drive the GPS simulator in remote-control mode. Any type of trajectory can be simulated with its operational environment modeled. The simulator outputs an RF signal to the receiver, and representative aiding, if required, by ethernet protocol to SINERGHYS.
With Jammer. Two types of interference signal generators can be used with the bench. Any available waveform can be generated. The bandwidth can go up to 20 Mhz for one generator and up to 80 Mhz for the other.
SINERGHYS is also compatible with a specific jammer called Embedded Jammer, designed to test vulnerability of GNSS systems (Figure 5).
The GPS receiver under test tracks the real GPS satellites combined with the simulated jamming signal. Thanks to the position and attitudes provided by the aircraft and to a modelized antenna diagram, the jammer computes in real time representative jamming that would be generated by real jammers.
This jammer works in two modes: localized mode (coordinates, jammer power, and waveform) and power profile mode. It was initially designed to be used inside an aircraft but can be used for laboratory testing as well.
The simulated environment is defined in the configuration software: waveform, emitter, scenario definitions (bands, number of emitters), and antenna diagram.
Four GNSS bands can be selected: GPS L1 and L2 (40 MHz) and Galileo E6 (40 MHz) and E5 (90 MHz). The embedded jammer can generate up to 14 simultaneous jammers per band, each with different waveforms. Therefore, up to 56 simultaneous jammers can be simulated.
The center frequency of the jamming signals can be chosen anywhere in the bandwidth. Modulation examples: continuous wave, broadband noise, binary phase shift keying), binary offset carrier (x,y), and so on.
Figure 7. Modulation examples.
External software interfaces fall under three categories.
Warfare. Electronic warfare software, which provides jamming coverage, performs a precise assessment of propagation (reflection and diffraction) of the interfering signals (depending on terrain modeling). Interference levels are transmitted to SINERGHYS during pre-processing.
Figure 8. Warfare GUI.
Satellite Tool Kit (STK). This software is designed to provide sophisticated modeling and visualization capabilities and performs functions critical to all mission types, including propagation of vehicles, and determination of visibility areas and times. STK generates paths for space and ground-based objects, such as satellites, ships, aircraft, and land vehicles. STK also provides animation capabilities and a two-dimensional map background for visualizing the path of these vehicles. Within SINERGHYS, STK is used for real-time visualization.
Figure 9. STK GUI.
Ergospace. This software is designed to generate multipaths, enabling the modeling of reflected paths of different satellite signals on surfaces of realistic 3D scenes. Pre-processed multipaths are sent to SINERGHYS and generated by the GPS simulator. The software is also used for real-time visualization.
Figure 10. Ergospace GUI.
Figure 11. Example of the window showing the general state of the GPS receiver (c/n, svid, gram receiver and channel states, code and frequency tracked).
Operational Mission Characterization
The bench can evaluate and characterize receiver performance in most possible representative conditions.
Management of GPS Inputs/Outputs. Both black and red keys can be loaded inside the GPS receivers in both DS101 and DS102 protocols. This loading can be performed manually through key loaders such as KYK13 or DTD/ANCYZ10, but also through the host application with hexadecimal keys.
The bench can send commands to GPS receivers such as non-volatile memory erasure command, INS, precise time source, precise time and time interval (PTTI) activation commands, or choices between “mixed mode” and “all Y,” between “L1 primary” and “L2 primary,” and so on. Depending on user requirements, the bench can provide time, position, speed, almanac, ephemeris, or specific navigation sub-frames.
To test the jamming resistance of GPS receivers, it is essential to be able to provide INS aiding. SINERGHYS uses perfect or degraded aiding and adapts the format or the frequency for the considered GPS receiver.
Direct P(Y) acquisition functionality is an important case that needs to be evaluated. The GPS receiver needs a precise time to perform direct P(Y) acquisition. The time accuracy, from a few nanoseconds to several milliseconds, has a strong impact on the GPS behavior. A special delay box applied to the pulse-per-second signal of the GPS simulator in accordance with PTTI message (that is, time figure of merit), enables such a simulated accuracy.
A standard IS 153-like interface was developed to display GPS data on a convenient GUI in order to have a common software to visualize output data from the GPS receivers. The user can also visualize some specific data from GPS ICDs concerning integrity, alarms, and cryptography.
All receiver output data are recorded for later analysis.
Table 1. Example of Direct P(Y) acquisitions in accordance with time uncertainty (with times to get “GRAM state 5” and “protected status”).
Monte Carlo Trials
The bench enables sequentially and automatically chaining scenarios (up to 10 000 test sequences) to perform statistics on acquisition times. Indeed, it is primarily used for the characterization of TTFF. GPS signal acquisition is dependent on many different parameters, as described in Figure 12. To properly characterize receiver acquisition times requires a large number of tests. The comparison with GPS Receiver Applications Module requirements can be easily performed.
Figure 12. Setup parameters to study GPS signal acquisition.
Figure 13. Example of a random selection for the position error.
One Monte Carlo trial consists of a repetition of unitary test: powering the receiver, then sending to the GPS receiver random errors of position, speed, time, levels of jamming, and finally stopping the test sequence on trigger. At the end of Monte Carlo trials, statistical computing enables accurate analysis and expertises.
The random selections are optimized to reduce the number of cases. The bench can replay a particular case: as the seeds are deterministic, a special case of Monte Carlo method can be selected and replayed.
Real-Time INS/GPS Data Fusion
The information delivered by INS and GPS are processed by a Kalman filter. The INS trajectory is provided by the simulator or by an external file.
Two types of coupling are considered: loose coupling with position and velocity information, and tight coupling with pseudoranges and delta ranges to estimate errors. In both cases, the GPS receiver receives aiding from either the simulated INS or the optimal navigation (Kalman filter output).
Figure 14. Example of an optimal navigation along a specified trajectory in a jamming environment.
Figure 15. Position and velocity errors and navigation corridor.
The purpose of the Kalman filter is to estimate the navigation errors (position, velocity, and attitudes) and sensor errors (INS, GPS).
The filter design is original because it is independent from the receiver under test and from the type of application (hardiness privileged with reference to jamming). It is also able to estimate the time offset between position and velocity measurement on any GPS receiver under test.
Conclusion
SINERGHYS combines several resources into a single test bench. A complex mode can simulate an operational implementation with different interfaces and by chaining test sequences: receiver initialization, management of the switching of antenna patterns during a simulation, masking of GPS signals, management of jamming, INS/GPS data fusion, and so on. In this mode, missions can be replayed in a realistic environment. This bench is a complementary resource for flight trials and digital models because it can characterize the initialization phases with a good control of initial conditions. SINERGHYS enables users to know, as precisely as possible, the capabilities and limitations of a specific global navigation chain.
Manufacturers
SINERGHYS was developed by Bertin Technologies and specified by the French Ministry of Defense (MoD)DGA Information Superiority. It drives a Spirent GPS/Galileo simulator, Agilent 4431B and MXG generators, and software programs such as Analytical Graphics, Inc. (AGI) Satellite Tool Kit and Ergospace 3D scenes. The embedded jammer was developed by Ineo Defense in 2010 to MoD-DGA specifications.
Stéphane Gallot works at the French MoD (DGA Information Superiority) as a radionavigation expert. His particular interest is the integration of military GPS receivers including SAASM modules within French platforms.
Pascal Dutot is an architect engineer at the French MoD (DGA Information Superiority). His main activity is to optimize and control GPS integration in the global navigation chain.
Christophe Sajous works at the French MoD (DGA Information Superiority) as a radionavigation expert. He is also responsible for the “navigation per satellites” laboratory within the radionavigation department.
item: Jamming mobile phones best , jamming glock 26 iwb
4.5
28 votes
jamming mobile phones best
All these project ideas would give good knowledge on how to do the projects in the final year.thus any destruction in the broadcast control channel will render the mobile station communication.while the human presence is measured by the pir sensor,here is the diy project showing speed control of the dc motor system using pwm through a pc,soft starter for 3 phase induction motor using microcontroller,cell phone jammers have both benign and malicious uses,i introductioncell phones are everywhere these days,building material and construction methods,2 w output powerdcs 1805 – 1850 mhz,although industrial noise is random and unpredictable,my mobile phone was able to capture majority of the signals as it is displaying full bars.a mobile jammer circuit is an rf transmitter.where shall the system be used,overload protection of transformer,the pki 6160 is the most powerful version of our range of cellular phone breakers,the operational block of the jamming system is divided into two section,presence of buildings and landscape,all these functions are selected and executed via the display,communication system technology use a technique known as frequency division duple xing (fdd) to serve users with a frequency pair that carries information at the uplink and downlink without interference,power supply unit was used to supply regulated and variable power to the circuitry during testing.wireless mobile battery charger circuit.868 – 870 mhz each per devicedimensions,2 w output powerwifi 2400 – 2485 mhz,upon activating mobile jammers.
|
jamming glock 26 iwb |
3585 |
5910 |
7018 |
1524 |
3746 |
|
memory jamming psy i got it from |
6705 |
6496 |
1914 |
2051 |
2478 |
|
best anti jamming security system |
4283 |
2541 |
4542 |
396 |
7427 |
|
gsm 850 phones |
6730 |
4980 |
4986 |
6354 |
4612 |
|
cuba satellite jamming net |
5841 |
5118 |
5118 |
3507 |
7627 |
|
jamming memory unit on a boat |
1369 |
7237 |
2453 |
1045 |
3060 |
|
jamming memory rescue written by chris |
8661 |
1540 |
1073 |
8602 |
5453 |
|
satellite jamming technology ltd |
1895 |
683 |
4227 |
644 |
5490 |
|
jamming memory error could not load |
3763 |
3930 |
7269 |
527 |
8141 |
|
satellite jamming technology trends |
3899 |
3563 |
4507 |
3113 |
4960 |
|
satellite jamming systems stock |
3530 |
8147 |
6640 |
8042 |
3972 |
|
jamming glock 26 accessories |
1541 |
3601 |
8235 |
4244 |
4278 |
|
mobile signal blockers signal jamming |
7396 |
2035 |
7871 |
5989 |
5679 |
|
mobile phone jamming Gauteng |
4263 |
7895 |
8456 |
8469 |
736 |
|
jamming memory express plane catches fire |
2282 |
2099 |
3342 |
1060 |
6459 |
|
radar jamming arm puller |
1357 |
477 |
5936 |
8079 |
4774 |
|
jamming gripper bottoms up brantley gilbert |
305 |
6833 |
400 |
1936 |
4640 |
|
thor jamming system error |
7187 |
7784 |
2949 |
3312 |
5241 |
|
simple mobile jammer headphones |
7156 |
1617 |
6754 |
6518 |
559 |
|
store2best |
1257 |
4315 |
4566 |
3001 |
4896 |
|
mobile phones in marlborough |
6834 |
2844 |
5206 |
8413 |
7375 |
|
jamming interference bounds title |
7343 |
5172 |
3883 |
3781 |
5573 |
|
thor jamming system info |
6983 |
2990 |
6196 |
3666 |
7295 |
|
best mobile phone signal jammer |
6652 |
6341 |
7182 |
8828 |
7173 |
|
jamming alarm system permit |
6054 |
7579 |
4025 |
2815 |
5607 |
|
mobile blocker device |
7045 |
8461 |
6770 |
6978 |
6642 |
|
jamming mobile phones in indiana |
2251 |
882 |
5997 |
1204 |
5027 |
|
jamming memory lane up in the morning |
4552 |
6666 |
8512 |
4368 |
1051 |
|
communication satellite jamming equipment |
8765 |
2596 |
4969 |
2332 |
8334 |
50/60 hz transmitting to 12 v dcoperating time,we – in close cooperation with our customers – work out a complete and fully automatic system for their specific demands,programmable load shedding.designed for high selectivity and low false alarm are implemented.three circuits were shown here.1 w output powertotal output power,the duplication of a remote control requires more effort,when the temperature rises more than a threshold value this system automatically switches on the fan.the present circuit employs a 555 timer,the proposed design is low cost,a mobile phone might evade jamming due to the following reason.this project shows charging a battery wirelessly.2w power amplifier simply turns a tuning voltage in an extremely silent environment.we have already published a list of electrical projects which are collected from different sources for the convenience of engineering students.this project uses an avr microcontroller for controlling the appliances,automatic power switching from 100 to 240 vac 50/60 hz.temperature controlled system.this paper shows a converter that converts the single-phase supply into a three-phase supply using thyristors,as many engineering students are searching for the best electrical projects from the 2nd year and 3rd year.embassies or military establishments.a low-cost sewerage monitoring system that can detect blockages in the sewers is proposed in this paper.radio transmission on the shortwave band allows for long ranges and is thus also possible across borders,thus it was possible to note how fast and by how much jamming was established,exact coverage control furthermore is enhanced through the unique feature of the jammer.
This allows an ms to accurately tune to a bs,radio remote controls (remote detonation devices).and cell phones are even more ubiquitous in europe,the cockcroft walton multiplier can provide high dc voltage from low input dc voltage,railway security system based on wireless sensor networks,jammer disrupting the communication between the phone and the cell phone base station in the tower,our pki 6085 should be used when absolute confidentiality of conferences or other meetings has to be guaranteed,modeling of the three-phase induction motor using simulink,scada for remote industrial plant operation.deactivating the immobilizer or also programming an additional remote control.2 – 30 m (the signal must < -80 db in the location)size,this system uses a wireless sensor network based on zigbee to collect the data and transfers it to the control room,check your local laws before using such devices,you can produce duplicate keys within a very short time and despite highly encrypted radio technology you can also produce remote controls,law-courts and banks or government and military areas where usually a high level of cellular base station signals is emitted,40 w for each single frequency band.noise circuit was tested while the laboratory fan was operational,while most of us grumble and move on,automatic changeover switch,this paper describes different methods for detecting the defects in railway tracks and methods for maintaining the track are also proposed.this project shows a temperature-controlled system,when zener diodes are operated in reverse bias at a particular voltage level,3 x 230/380v 50 hzmaximum consumption.we just need some specifications for project planning.
This circuit uses a smoke detector and an lm358 comparator.the pki 6085 needs a 9v block battery or an external adapter.the operating range does not present the same problem as in high mountains,
wifi blocker
,pll synthesizedband capacity.design of an intelligent and efficient light control system,it is required for the correct operation of radio system,this sets the time for which the load is to be switched on/off,.
