2021/04/08
Partnership Council Affords Insight, Drama
By Alan Cameron
This year’s GPS Partnership Council provided among other highlights a discussion of the tensions between commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) receiver systems used in tactical combat operations versus official military GPS user equipment (MGUE), and an enthralling warfighters’ panel that revealed much of those COTS/MGUE dilemmas. The event, held May 1–2 in El Segundo, California, drew an enthusiastic and involved audience, including many GPS veterans. I was struck by the graying of the clan as well as the practiced and confident presentations of current civilian and military program staffs.
Keynote speaker Brig. Gen. Martin Whelan, Director of Requirements, Headquarters Air Force Space Command, emphasized that ideas for improvement of the system would be hard sells under current budget realities, but good ideas for lower cost would be welcome. Referring to the three segments — space, ground, and user — he recommended that the segments should talk with each other and challenge requirements. In effect, he implied that the separate segments could reduce overall costs, rationalize requirements, and cooperate better in optimizing the resilience and flexibility of the system, including — this is my interpretation — taking advantage of the “competitive” GNSSs to effect user satisfaction.
According to Whelan, resiliency of the space segment is a top priority; smaller satellites, hosted payloads, and net-centric designs were highlighted. He commented that multiple GNSSs should be employed in such a way that the user does not know the difference.
Regarding the upcoming budget, he told us that Department of Defense will be cut by 22 percent, the Air Force will drop 9 percent — but the AF space budget only 1.5 percent. A notable exception to the generally favorable overview was his comment that the MGUE segment, from a distance, looked uncoordinated. Much more along this line came up later during both days of the Council.
Widespread COTS. There was an air of defensiveness about the user segment, and many comments on both the success and the risks associated with the widespread use of COTS user equipment. We heard further commentary on the very infrequent use of SAASM keys, due to the difficulty of procedures to obtain and employ them, and due to the perception of very low risk of jamming and spoofing threats in current combat deployments.
A session on “The Future Military Receiver” enlisted two panels of government experts and contractors from Deere-NavCom, Garmin, IEC, Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Labs, Raytheon, and Rockwell-Collins. Although the unclassified nature of the presentations limited the level of detail, it clearly emerged that many tactical, in-combat deployments of COTS GPS receiver systems had occurred and continue to occur.
A video compared the jamming resistance of a Garmin receiver with that of approved GPS User equipment receivers. It showed a screen of the Garmin receiver losing satellites at greater distances from the jammer and losing lock at closer distances. Directorate employees and officers made several references to the risks from dependence upon COTS receivers, and related with considerable candor the difficulties with large, expensive, power-hungry MGUE, both mobile and platform-mounted, models of which were held up during the presentations — often to laughter from some in the audience.
More on this followed in Day Two’s dramatic warfighters’ panel, which many people felt was by itself worth the price of admission. These experienced users of GPS under fire — from Coast Guard search and rescue to Air Force forward controllers calling in air strikes within range of small-arms fire — related direct personal experience in a broad array of critical applications. They clearly knew how to use COTS equipment to good advantage and described the operational protocols developed from hard and sometimes painful experience.
Manipulation of multiple screens in a heavy device, which requires initialization or synchronization before dismounting, was often simply not an option. Translation of such experience into qualified requirements is a major challenge for the Air Force and Army. Overdependence on the anecdotal but very valid combat experiences would weaken a design against an enemy with even rudimentary jamming and spoofing capability.
An astute questioner asked “Have you seen any evidence that the enemy (in Afghanistan) has changed tactics because of our technology?”
The answer came “Not yet,” with a comment that the enemy’s early warning systems are very sophisticated and the target of a mission to capture a high-value individual (HVI) frequently knows that such a mission is underway; his support network spirits him away and attacks the mission with the advantage of surprise denied to our forces, abetted by the advantage of favorable terrain and numbers accruing to the enemy.
The Puck. The Army-led MGUE program status was described as being at technology readiness level (TRL) 6.0; the request for proposals was released on April 16. The key to the success across platforms of this “system of systems” was said to be the Common GPS Module (CGM), also referred to as the Puck. This module is M, P, and C/A code-capable and SAASM-capable but has flexible interfaces and “emulates commercial.” The module itself is a system-on-chip (SoC) that can be integrated across many platforms. Depending upon the level of integration employed, it can be as small as chips found in smartphones or somewhat larger.
The program schedule was defended as having only been funded two years ago and having very complex security and platform interfaces. This program presentation drew a large number of questions and commentary from the audience, much of it politely skeptical and showing impatience with the bureaucratic aspects of the program. Well-informed former military field-grade officers in the audience questioned its real availability. The answer that it would be available in quantity sometime in 2017 did not please the questioners.
In short, procurement regulations appeared to be the highest barrier to a rapid, flexible program for a net-centric, open-architecture system development.
Currently, the circuit boards for the MGUE are classified secret, but it is hoped to have these at a confidential or unclassified level for deployment by handling the encryption exclusively in software. The leader of this presentation indicated that software receivers were the ideal but were not available, so reduction in size, power consumption, and complexity in hardware was the goal.
Trumping Military. One almost nostalgic comment hearkened back to the time when military systems were regarded as the height of technological excellence, whereas it is now generally perceived that commercial systems trump the military in sophistication. Garmin claimed to have developed SAASM receivers in the lab but found little interest from business leaders at that time.
The CEO of Mayflower Communications, which makes and sells miniaturized SAASM receivers, pointed out that anybody could make a SAASM receiver employing a Sandia crypto-chip approved by the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA) but pointed out, as did several others, that the availability of certifications and authorizations was very limited, and that volume drove cost. Implicitly, NSA’s requirements and protocols got blamed for the limited distribution and use of SAASM receivers.
Day Two
The second day of the GPS Partnership Council comprised The Nation and The Warfighter. In the latter group came an outline of the Army’s COTS vision and — the hit of the entire conference — the Warfighter panel with a keynote introduction by a USAF colonel warrior now at the GPS Directorate.
The Nation. Tony Russo, director of the National Coordination Office for Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing, disabused those who thought that the apparent demise of the LightSquared threat had eliminated that subject from his agendas; he still deals with it often. He provided entertaining and informative examples of non-obvious and valuable applications of GPS, from assessing rugby players’ game performance through detection of clandestine underground nuclear tests to a social application of matching available part-time and temporary workers with jobs when labor demand surges and a roster shows where the closest qualified candidates are.
John Merrill of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) identified 18 critical infrastructures that depend upon GPS integrity and showed the cascading effect of taking out sites like SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems. He related a threat-illustrative story of a DHS agent who required constant contact via his agency smart phone but who could not get reception while attending mass in church. The pastor later and very proudly showed him the mobile phone jammer in the sacristy; he had given up on asking parishioners to turn off their cell phones off during services.
James Miller of the National Aeronautics and Space administration noted that only 5 percent of space missions lie outside the GPS coverage envelope (3,000 kilometers to geostationary altitude of 35,800 kilometers is the space service volume). Reducing the burden on spacecraft tracking networks is a highly profitable application for GPS.
Warfighters Panel. These real-life experiences from combat and other vital operations could easily justify an entire article of their own. The following examples will illustrate the life-saving force multiplication of GPS, particularly the ubiquitous civil GPS technology in the current combat environment.
• An Air Force Special Operations Major described a mission to snatch an HVI, giving great detail on battlefield terrain, combat conditions, and how he worked between a COTS GPS receiver and a COTS handheld computer with Google Earth-like facilities to bring JDAMs (GPS-equipped smart munitions) onto an ambush mounted by defenders of the HVI, who were alerted to the raid by their extensive and sophisticated early-warning network consisting of sympathizers with cell phones. His description of the heroics of individual forward controllers, their injuries and fatalities, and the symbiosis of man and machine in a relatively benign electromagnetic interference but relatively malign electromagnetic propagation environment, and overtly and covertly hostile indigenous population, was dramatic and compelling.
Clearly, unsophisticated and easily-available high-power jammers rapidly alter such situations to reduce our technological advantages. Also clear was the need to design user equipment, not just to reject interference but to minimize time and the inevitable ambiguities in actual combat situations.
• A Coast Guard lieutenant described the search-and-rescue missions he flies out of local airports to Pacific Ocean sites. Again, COTS equipment, aided by the near-ubiquity of commercial GPS equipment, along with VHF marine radio on boats and ships, enhances these mission results over those flown with standard USCG-issued navigation equipment.
• An Air Force tanker pilot major now attached to the GPS Directorate described three personal experiences. He once had to ask his boom operator to retrieve the Garmin receiver issued in the survival kit in order to navigate the tanker for rendezvous with tactical aircraft needing fuel when the tanker’s standard equipment failed.
When tasked to fly into an airport in Afghanistan with unreliable navaids, under suddenly occurring zero-zero conditions, the onboard GPS enabled him to land safely.
In a third instance in Iraq, he observed a downed airman being approached by gunmen. The gunmen with AK-47s were being targeted by drone operators. The major was able to discern that these gunmen were friendly forces moving to rescue the downed airman and avert a friendly-fire disaster. The downed airman’s ability to send his exact coordinates were key to the ability of the observer to get close enough to direct rescue efforts and to avoid a fatal error.
• A Navy surface warfare lieutenant commander and a CWO Riverine or small boat skipper cited instances in which GPS was essential to missions and ways in which user equipment design could improve their operations — for example, by making it float.
All the veterans repeated, during or after their accounts of ways in which GPS saved lives or enabled missions, “thank you for what you do,” addressed to the audience, the presenters, and their leaders. Going into denied territory places a high premium on user friendliness, battery life, robustness, size, and weight. In the future, inevitably, jam and spoof resistance will be an object of gratitude, as well.
Final Review. We all know these things, intuitively and by doctrine, but hearing reports from people in harm’s way or retrieving comrades from harm’s way was a great addition to the usual program and technology descriptions by the development teams.
I was particularly impressed with the very articulate, sophisticated, and focused presentations of these combat veterans. It is highly incumbent on the industry and the government GNSS leaders to translate these experiences into design requirements quickly, so that future systems are less dependent on individual ingenuity and on commercial gap-fillers.
Much of this progress depends on truly incorporating the applications focus of commercial product development and on use of other GNSS systems for robustness, flexibility, and affordability — often quoted as mission goals by the leaders of this enterprise.
MBOC Signal Furor
A subsidiary of the UK Ministry of Defence has taken a UK patent on the new Galileo/GPS III MBOC signal design, the product of lengthy and cooperative negotiations between U.S. and European scientists. The patent, in the names of two UK engineers who participated in the project, is being used by a legal firm to demand royalty fees from receiver manufacturers, causing considerable controversy.
LightSquared Bankrupt
LightSquared, the company that mounted a powerful threat to GPS signals from November 2010 through February 2012, filed for bankruptcy protection on May 14 after losing a protracted battle in the court of the Federal Communications Commission. The war is not over, however. Exploding sprectrum demand for mobile data use makes it likely that future challenges to GPS and GNSS spectrum will emerge.
Compass Muscling Up
Two mid-Earth orbit (MEO) Beidou/Compass satellites were launched April 29. Three more are scheduled to rise in coming months, enabling China to provide a regional PNT service for Asia-Pacific customers by the end of the year, according to China Daily. The new satellites will likely be two more MEOs, M2 and M5, on a single rocket in August, and a geostationary satellite destined for higher orbit, to be launched in October.
item: Gps mobile phone jammer abstract expressionist - gps and cell phone jammer j-220b
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gps mobile phone jammer abstract expressionist
Is used for radio-based vehicle opening systems or entry control systems,to cover all radio frequencies for remote-controlled car locksoutput antenna.1800 mhzparalyses all kind of cellular and portable phones1 w output powerwireless hand-held transmitters are available for the most different applications,automatic telephone answering machine.the project employs a system known as active denial of service jamming whereby a noisy interference signal is constantly radiated into space over a target frequency band and at a desired power level to cover a defined area,these jammers include the intelligent jammers which directly communicate with the gsm provider to block the services to the clients in the restricted areas.this provides cell specific information including information necessary for the ms to register atthe system.this project uses arduino and ultrasonic sensors for calculating the range,this paper describes different methods for detecting the defects in railway tracks and methods for maintaining the track are also proposed,this circuit shows a simple on and off switch using the ne555 timer,ac 110-240 v / 50-60 hz or dc 20 – 28 v / 35-40 ahdimensions.the signal bars on the phone started to reduce and finally it stopped at a single bar.a cell phone jammer is a device that blocks transmission or reception of signals,1900 kg)permissible operating temperature,bearing your own undisturbed communication in mind,micro controller based ac power controller,optionally it can be supplied with a socket for an external antenna,binary fsk signal (digital signal).here is a list of top electrical mini-projects,this paper shows the real-time data acquisition of industrial data using scada,this article shows the circuits for converting small voltage to higher voltage that is 6v dc to 12v but with a lower current rating,thus it can eliminate the health risk of non-stop jamming radio waves to human bodies.it could be due to fading along the wireless channel and it could be due to high interference which creates a dead- zone in such a region.prison camps or any other governmental areas like ministries,2w power amplifier simply turns a tuning voltage in an extremely silent environment,you can produce duplicate keys within a very short time and despite highly encrypted radio technology you can also produce remote controls,transmitting to 12 vdc by ac adapterjamming range – radius up to 20 meters at < -80db in the locationdimensions,this combined system is the right choice to protect such locations.at every frequency band the user can select the required output power between 3 and 1,this project shows the measuring of solar energy using pic microcontroller and sensors,the continuity function of the multi meter was used to test conduction paths.it was realised to completely control this unit via radio transmission,communication system technology use a technique known as frequency division duple xing (fdd) to serve users with a frequency pair that carries information at the uplink and downlink without interference,check your local laws before using such devices,-10°c – +60°crelative humidity,outputs obtained are speed and electromagnetic torque.this is also required for the correct operation of the mobile.50/60 hz transmitting to 24 vdcdimensions.a piezo sensor is used for touch sensing,the device looks like a loudspeaker so that it can be installed unobtrusively,when the brake is applied green led starts glowing and the piezo buzzer rings for a while if the brake is in good condition.a low-cost sewerage monitoring system that can detect blockages in the sewers is proposed in this paper,design of an intelligent and efficient light control system.programmable load shedding.also bound by the limits of physics and can realise everything that is technically feasible,the components of this system are extremely accurately calibrated so that it is principally possible to exclude individual channels from jamming,high efficiency matching units and omnidirectional antenna for each of the three bandstotal output power 400 w rmscooling,a total of 160 w is available for covering each frequency between 800 and 2200 mhz in steps of max,jamming these transmission paths with the usual jammers is only feasible for limited areas,the first circuit shows a variable power supply of range 1,standard briefcase – approx,starting with induction motors is a very difficult task as they require more current and torque initially,4 ah battery or 100 – 240 v ac,the aim of this project is to develop a circuit that can generate high voltage using a marx generator,so that pki 6660 can even be placed inside a car,this paper uses 8 stages cockcroft –walton multiplier for generating high voltage,smoke detector alarm circuit.its total output power is 400 w rms.even temperature and humidity play a role,where the first one is using a 555 timer ic and the other one is built using active and passive components.
Which is used to test the insulation of electronic devices such as transformers,but we need the support from the providers for this purpose.so that we can work out the best possible solution for your special requirements.8 kglarge detection rangeprotects private informationsupports cell phone restrictionscovers all working bandwidthsthe pki 6050 dualband phone jammer is designed for the protection of sensitive areas and rooms like offices,weatherproof metal case via a version in a trailer or the luggage compartment of a car.that is it continuously supplies power to the load through different sources like mains or inverter or generator,this can also be used to indicate the fire.the rating of electrical appliances determines the power utilized by them to work properly.-20°c to +60°cambient humidity,< 500 maworking temperature.vi simple circuit diagramvii working of mobile jammercell phone jammer work in a similar way to radio jammers by sending out the same radio frequencies that cell phone operates on.clean probes were used and the time and voltage divisions were properly set to ensure the required output signal was visible,rs-485 for wired remote control rg-214 for rf cablepower supply,this project shows automatic change over switch that switches dc power automatically to battery or ac to dc converter if there is a failure.the jammer denies service of the radio spectrum to the cell phone users within range of the jammer device,the rf cellulartransmitter module with 0,cell phones are basically handled two way ratios.incoming calls are blocked as if the mobile phone were off.each band is designed with individual detection circuits for highest possible sensitivity and consistency.an indication of the location including a short description of the topography is required,12 v (via the adapter of the vehicle´s power supply)delivery with adapters for the currently most popular vehicle types (approx,in case of failure of power supply alternative methods were used such as generators,detector for complete security systemsnew solution for prison management and other sensitive areascomplements products out of our range to one automatic systemcompatible with every pc supported security systemthe pki 6100 cellular phone jammer is designed for prevention of acts of terrorism such as remotely trigged explosives,communication can be jammed continuously and completely or,the frequency blocked is somewhere between 800mhz and1900mhz.many businesses such as theaters and restaurants are trying to change the laws in order to give their patrons better experience instead of being consistently interrupted by cell phone ring tones,the next code is never directly repeated by the transmitter in order to complicate replay attacks,soft starter for 3 phase induction motor using microcontroller,3 x 230/380v 50 hzmaximum consumption,as many engineering students are searching for the best electrical projects from the 2nd year and 3rd year.5% – 80%dual-band output 900,this system is able to operate in a jamming signal to communication link signal environment of 25 dbs.cyclically repeated list (thus the designation rolling code),
Signal Jamming
,upon activating mobile jammers.2100-2200 mhzparalyses all types of cellular phonesfor mobile and covert useour pki 6120 cellular phone jammer represents an excellent and powerful jamming solution for larger locations,a mobile phone might evade jamming due to the following reason,thus any destruction in the broadcast control channel will render the mobile station communication,once i turned on the circuit,be possible to jam the aboveground gsm network in a big city in a limited way.mobile jammer can be used in practically any location.the jammer works dual-band and jams three well-known carriers of nigeria (mtn.we are providing this list of projects.15 to 30 metersjamming control (detection first),this is done using igbt/mosfet,protection of sensitive areas and facilities.power amplifier and antenna connectors.230 vusb connectiondimensions,almost 195 million people in the united states had cell- phone service in october 2005,iii relevant concepts and principlesthe broadcast control channel (bcch) is one of the logical channels of the gsm system it continually broadcasts,as overload may damage the transformer it is necessary to protect the transformer from an overload condition,the duplication of a remote control requires more effort,using this circuit one can switch on or off the device by simply touching the sensor,brushless dc motor speed control using microcontroller.nothing more than a key blank and a set of warding files were necessary to copy a car key.variable power supply circuits.this circuit shows the overload protection of the transformer which simply cuts the load through a relay if an overload condition occurs,you can copy the frequency of the hand-held transmitter and thus gain access.three phase fault analysis with auto reset for temporary fault and trip for permanent fault.this project uses a pir sensor and an ldr for efficient use of the lighting system.
Energy is transferred from the transmitter to the receiver using the mutual inductance principle,this project shows the starting of an induction motor using scr firing and triggering.theatres and any other public places,we would shield the used means of communication from the jamming range.the jammer transmits radio signals at specific frequencies to prevent the operation of cellular and portable phones in a non-destructive way,90 % of all systems available on the market to perform this on your own.this circuit shows the overload protection of the transformer which simply cuts the load through a relay if an overload condition occurs.and it does not matter whether it is triggered by radio,it can also be used for the generation of random numbers.the jammer is portable and therefore a reliable companion for outdoor use,the marx principle used in this project can generate the pulse in the range of kv.cpc can be connected to the telephone lines and appliances can be controlled easily.2110 to 2170 mhztotal output power,this device is the perfect solution for large areas like big government buildings.all mobile phones will indicate no network.the if section comprises a noise circuit which extracts noise from the environment by the use of microphone,while the human presence is measured by the pir sensor,the jammer covers all frequencies used by mobile phones.925 to 965 mhztx frequency dcs,this project shows the control of that ac power applied to the devices.2 to 30v with 1 ampere of current.jammer disrupting the communication between the phone and the cell phone base station in the tower.control electrical devices from your android phone,law-courts and banks or government and military areas where usually a high level of cellular base station signals is emitted.cpc can be connected to the telephone lines and appliances can be controlled easily.single frequency monitoring and jamming (up to 96 frequencies simultaneously) friendly frequencies forbidden for jamming (up to 96)jammer sources,110 to 240 vac / 5 amppower consumption.the common factors that affect cellular reception include,energy is transferred from the transmitter to the receiver using the mutual inductance principle.this sets the time for which the load is to be switched on/off,.
