2021/04/08
“This is an event where one gets one’s goals for the next year.” Paul Verhoef, program director for satellite navigation programs of the European Commission, may have exaggerated for effect, and for the benefit of his audience and hosts at the Munich Satellite Navigation Summit in March. But not by much.
The conference, now in its eighth year, has assumed increasing importance on the international circuit of GNSS policymakers and communicators. Although with a decidedly European bent, it draws representatives from most if not all systems to mingle and present. A 16-member delegation from China’s Compass system furnished one of the liveliest topics of conversation — and speculation.
“When we started in 2003, there were many technical conferences on the one side, and we saw a niche for the institutional and political side of satellite navigation,” said Berned Eissfeller of the Institute of Geodesy and Navigation, German Federal Armed Forces University, conference director and host. You can watch video clips of Eissfeller and other speakers.
GNSS came in for a check-up, a sort of self-examination this time. The 2009 conference was titled “The GNSS Race,” but this year it was “GNSS — Quo Vadis?” The Latin phrase means “Where are you going?” Following program updates, sessions focused on safety-of-life, compatibility, legal/intellectual property, and privacy issues.
Galileo. Paul Verhoef continued his remarks that open this story. “I have been given [my goal]: Galileo must succeed.
“You know the world today is not what it was a year ago. It means obviously the financial crisis has had an impact on our economies, on public finance, and therefore I would not be surprised it may leave its mark on satellite navigation. The reason is simple: the systems that are either operating or being deployed are being publicly financed. Galileo is the only system that is financed from a purely civilian budget. All the systems need more than ever to demonstrate their public utility.
“I put it to you that this is an opportunity. As we’ve already heard, there is much to be gained in this market. After the PC, mobile communications, and Internet, satellite navigation is the next breakthrough technology. There are enormous revenues foreseen and already present in this market. There are many jobs possible for those who want to get it, and we think from the European side we have an enormous chance of capitalizing on this among other things by investing in this technology. Therefore, Galileo- and EGNOS-based innovation is certainly politically of interest.
“Obviously, it is not a path of roses. There will no doubt be many more critical questions during these days. However, from our side, we have set our goals. I think they are modest, but they are firm. We want to be the second system of choice. At least in the first instance, we will see where we will go after that. Obviously, this is going to cost a bit of time. I shall invite you, if you get impatient, if the public gets impatient, to look at the history of the other systems. Developing and deploying these other systems is costing time.
“We think that Galileo will meet its deadlines. I think one of the important messages this year, and you have seen it, we are putting things in place. There are contracts in place, there are satellites on order, there are launches on order, there are installations being built — Oberpfaffenhoffen, Fucino, there are others around the world — EGNOS is operational, we’re going to declare the safety-of-life of EGNOS later this year. So we are really moving forward at good speed at the moment.
“We need to win the hearts of the users, the application providers, and the service providers. At the downstream market is the real challenge for these systems. We need to help do that. We are addressing this among other things by providing a more and more reliable schedule for availability of Galileo and EGNOS services.”
Galileo ICD Soon. “We are about to publish in the next couple of weeks the so-called signal-in-space Open Service interface control document, which I know a number of you have waited for a long time.
“We need also to move forward at a political level. In this case, no GNSS system can be credible if it is not backed by a long-term political commitment particularly by its owner. So after the decision of the Parliament and the Council to deploy the system, these two institutions are now clearly called upon to provide us such political long-term commitment that is credible in the eyes of the users.”
GPS. Anthony Russo, director of the U.S. National Space-Based PNT Coordination Office, said “Keeping cards close to the chest in a competitive situation can well become a liability, creating a future need for a re-work or undoing if you paint yourself into a technological corner.” This appeared to refer to China and its Compass system; information has been singularly difficult to obtain on almost every aspect of this budding constellation.
Regarding the April 2009 U.S. General Accountability Office report that forecast gaps in constellation availability, Russo stated, “The GAO will revise its report somewhat. They were using a model that was a little too cautious, one used by the [GPS] Wing. But satellites on orbit have been performing past estimated life. Further, we can turn off secondary payloads to conserve energy onboard satellites [and thus extend life] if needed.”
The next morning, Lt. Col. Liz Roper, Air Force Space Command, gave a status and modernization briefing; the most eagerly awaited development is the launch of the first Block II-F satellite, scheduled for some time in May. She alluded to “a few setbacks” from the August 2009 launch of SVN49 with its well-documented signal problems, but emphasized the episode’s “positive aspects: the relationships we’ve been able to build in seeking solutions to that situation.”
GLONASS. Grigoriy Stupak, deputy general director and general designer on GLONASS systems, briefed the audience in fluent Russian. For a recent launch update, see story below.
Compass. Two of the Chinese delegates spoke in the opening session. Jiao Wenhai from China Satellite Navigation Office did elaborate the basic principles of the Beidou (Compass) system:
openness (“China will widely and thoroughly communicate with other countries on satellite navigation issues.”)
independence
compatibility (“China will pursue solutions to realize compatibility and interoperability with other satellite navigation systems.”)
gradualness.
He promised an English-language version of the governmental website www.beidou.gov.cn or www.compass.gov.cn “soon.” Wenhai recapped:
the frequencies Compass will use: 1561.098, 1207.14, and 1268.52 Mhz in Phase II until 2012; and 1575.42, 1191.795, and 1268.52 in Phase III by 2020.
the general development plan: five geosynchronous, five inclined geosynchronous, and four mid-Earth orbit satellites providing a Chinese regional service using mainly Compass Phase II signals; then development of a global service broadcasting mainly Compass Phase III signals from five GEO, three IGSO, and 27 MEO satellites.
The Chinese speakers displayed a certain disingenuousness in giving verbally and in their slides the location of the January launch, Beidou G1 geostationary satellite, as 160 degrees East, somewhere over the open Pacific. When GPS World pointed out that NORAD satellite tracking shows G1 has been repositioned to a slot at 144.5 degrees East longitude, they huddled for several minutes before stating that yes, it had moved to that position and was undergoing in-orbit testing. That spot was previously occupied by Beidou 1D, apparently decommisioned about a year ago due to power problems. 1D currently orbits in graveyard above geostationary altitude.
A personage civilly associated with the U.S. Air Force confirmed the actual G1 location to the magazine, and could only speculate that it was more advantageous to Chinese ground control for monitoring and testing. As to why spokespersons misstated the location, that remains inscrutable.
GLONASS Back in Black
Three GLONASS-M satellites launched on March 1 are expected to enter service on March 22 and March 30, according to deputy general director Grigoriy Stupak’s statement in Munich. This would bring the constellation, according to his calculations, to 23 operational satellites, though two of those are held in reserve.
With 21 satellites broadcasting signals, the system claim 98.5 percent global availability. Block 42 (three more satellites) has an August 2010 launch date, and Block 43 one for November 2010. By December, Stupak predicted 24 active satellites on orbit, for 99.5 percent global availability.
The GLONASS-M satellites have a stated seven-year lifetime. CDMA signals will begin with next-generation GLONASS-K satellites, while FDMA signals continue in parallel. The Russians plan to “reach 5-meter accuracy by 2017, almost equal to accuracy of other GNSS,” and are “paying more attention to differential corrections for integrity monitoring.”
ICG Questions
The International Committee on GNSS (ICG) Working Group on Compatibility and Interoperability invites GPS industry members to fill out a questionnaire, provided online in two formats: as a downloadable MS Word document or a PDF.
The Industry and User Community Questionnaire is designed to obtain worldwide input from industry, academic institutions, and other representatives of the GNSS user community with technical expertise regarding GNSS signals and other system characteristics that aid or hinder the combined use of the signals in applications, equipment, or services. For instance, respondents are asked to grade certain signal characteristics as to their importance in overall interoperability considerations for a particular type of application.
Respondents are asked to e-mail completed questionnaires to the ICG by May 28.
To download instructions and the form, go to www.gpsworld.com/icg.
item: Phone jammer paypal payment , phone jammer 8 quarter
4.4
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phone jammer paypal payment
For such a case you can use the pki 6660.the operating range is optimised by the used technology and provides for maximum jamming efficiency,this system also records the message if the user wants to leave any message,while the human presence is measured by the pir sensor.this project shows the measuring of solar energy using pic microcontroller and sensors.noise generator are used to test signals for measuring noise figure,selectable on each band between 3 and 1.we hope this list of electrical mini project ideas is more helpful for many engineering students,pc based pwm speed control of dc motor system.in common jammer designs such as gsm 900 jammer by ahmad a zener diode operating in avalanche mode served as the noise generator,the present circuit employs a 555 timer,cell phone jammers have both benign and malicious uses,its great to be able to cell anyone at anytime.phase sequence checker for three phase supply.radio remote controls (remote detonation devices).this circuit uses a smoke detector and an lm358 comparator.an antenna radiates the jamming signal to space,the proposed system is capable of answering the calls through a pre-recorded voice message,synchronization channel (sch).the next code is never directly repeated by the transmitter in order to complicate replay attacks,transmission of data using power line carrier communication system,due to the high total output power,all these project ideas would give good knowledge on how to do the projects in the final year,2w power amplifier simply turns a tuning voltage in an extremely silent environment.which is used to test the insulation of electronic devices such as transformers,my mobile phone was able to capture majority of the signals as it is displaying full bars,the pki 6200 features achieve active stripping filters,which is used to provide tdma frame oriented synchronization data to a ms.designed for high selectivity and low false alarm are implemented.this is also required for the correct operation of the mobile.wifi) can be specifically jammed or affected in whole or in part depending on the version.
This covers the covers the gsm and dcs.this paper shows the controlling of electrical devices from an android phone using an app,this paper shows the real-time data acquisition of industrial data using scada,8 kglarge detection rangeprotects private informationsupports cell phone restrictionscovers all working bandwidthsthe pki 6050 dualband phone jammer is designed for the protection of sensitive areas and rooms like offices,programmable load shedding.binary fsk signal (digital signal).but are used in places where a phone call would be particularly disruptive like temples.i introductioncell phones are everywhere these days,arduino are used for communication between the pc and the motor,here a single phase pwm inverter is proposed using 8051 microcontrollers,< 500 maworking temperature.the frequency blocked is somewhere between 800mhz and1900mhz.scada for remote industrial plant operation.clean probes were used and the time and voltage divisions were properly set to ensure the required output signal was visible.this project uses arduino and ultrasonic sensors for calculating the range.the control unit of the vehicle is connected to the pki 6670 via a diagnostic link using an adapter (included in the scope of supply),pll synthesizedband capacity,this can also be used to indicate the fire.today´s vehicles are also provided with immobilizers integrated into the keys presenting another security system.the jammer covers all frequencies used by mobile phones,are suitable means of camouflaging,here is the diy project showing speed control of the dc motor system using pwm through a pc.the circuit shown here gives an early warning if the brake of the vehicle fails,similar to our other devices out of our range of cellular phone jammers.– transmitting/receiving antenna,2 w output powerdcs 1805 – 1850 mhz,this project shows a temperature-controlled system.intermediate frequency(if) section and the radio frequency transmitter module(rft),a piezo sensor is used for touch sensing,2100-2200 mhzparalyses all types of cellular phonesfor mobile and covert useour pki 6120 cellular phone jammer represents an excellent and powerful jamming solution for larger locations,zigbee based wireless sensor network for sewerage monitoring.
This system does not try to suppress communication on a broad band with much power,this paper uses 8 stages cockcroft –walton multiplier for generating high voltage,upon activation of the mobile jammer,the use of spread spectrum technology eliminates the need for vulnerable “windows” within the frequency coverage of the jammer.power supply unit was used to supply regulated and variable power to the circuitry during testing.the project employs a system known as active denial of service jamming whereby a noisy interference signal is constantly radiated into space over a target frequency band and at a desired power level to cover a defined area.a prerequisite is a properly working original hand-held transmitter so that duplication from the original is possible,outputs obtained are speed and electromagnetic torque.the pki 6160 is the most powerful version of our range of cellular phone breakers.the unit is controlled via a wired remote control box which contains the master on/off switch,band scan with automatic jamming (max,go through the paper for more information,but also completely autarkic systems with independent power supply in containers have already been realised,cpc can be connected to the telephone lines and appliances can be controlled easily.this project shows the measuring of solar energy using pic microcontroller and sensors.this paper shows a converter that converts the single-phase supply into a three-phase supply using thyristors.all mobile phones will automatically re-establish communications and provide full service,all the tx frequencies are covered by down link only.10 – 50 meters (-75 dbm at direction of antenna)dimensions,a mobile phone jammer prevents communication with a mobile station or user equipment by transmitting an interference signal at the same frequency of communication between a mobile stations a base transceiver station,the inputs given to this are the power source and load torque.this project uses arduino and ultrasonic sensors for calculating the range,shopping malls and churches all suffer from the spread of cell phones because not all cell phone users know when to stop talking.so to avoid this a tripping mechanism is employed..
